




r 

JVonArKmusmY 

OFTHE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 




ITS POSSI Bl LIT! ES FOR PROFITABLE PURSUIT 








The Imperial Hotel, Portland, where the Convention 
was held. 



Published by the Northzuest 
Angora Goat Association, in con- 
nection zvith the Passenger Depart- 
ment of the Oregon- Washington 
Railroad & Navigation Co., and 
Southern Pacific lines in Oregon. 



THE ANGORA AND MOHAIR 

INDUSTRY IN THE 

NORTHWEST 

ALSO 

A FULL REPORT AND PROCEEDINGS OF 

THE FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION 

OF THE NORTHWEST ANGORA 

GOAT ASSOCIATION 

HELD IN 

PORTLAND, OREGON, JANUARY 4-7, 1911 



PUBLISHED BY 



NORTHWEST ANGORA GOAT ASSOCIATION 



OFFICERS 

E. A. Rhotf.n, Salem, Oregon, President 

E. L. Naylor, Forest Grove, Oregon, Vice-President 

Alva L McDonald, Secretary-Treasurer 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

G. W. McBee E. L. Naylor J. Hanks C. B Guinn 

Alva McDonald E. A. Rhoten W. C. Harkness 



COMPILED BY 

Alva L. McDonald, Secretary-Treasurer, Hamilton Bldg., Portland, Oregon 



b^"> 






E. A. Rholen, President. 



Alva L. McDonald, Sec.-Treas. 




E. L. Naylor. Vice-President. 



Officers of Northwe^ Angora Goat Association 



The cut on the title page of this Booklet is a fine repro- 
duction of the Grand Champion Buck at the 
Northwest Angora Goat Show at Portland, January 
4-7, 191 I. He was pronounced the finest specimen 
ever handled by the judge, and fittingly illustrates 
the possibilities for Angora culture here. The hair 
on this animal was of an average of over 20 inches, 
some of it measuring 24 inches, and was valued at 
approximately $ICO.OO. He belonged to the cele- 
brated Angora breeders and exhibitors, Wm. Rid- 
dells & Sons, of Monmouth, Oregon. 




N. A. Gwin, Lawrence, Kansas. 
President American Angora Goal Breeders' Association 



John W. Fulton, Secretary American Angora Goat 
Breeders' Association, Helena, Montana. 

Officers of American Angora Goat 
Breeders' Association' 



Prefatory 



IN presenting this booklet to the public, we 
do so without any hesitancy whatever. 
The making of books is without number 
and the reading public is confronted with the 
problem of picking out the wheat from the chaff. 
It is therefore necessary for the reader to exer- 
cise intelligence in the perusal of the books and 
pamphlets exploiting the various lines of indus- 
try. The Angora goat and mohair industry has 
reached a stage where it is now one of the 
established branches of livestock husbandry, and 
a study of the following pages will convince 
the most skeptical that it is one of great profit. 
The demand for mohair goods is growing to such 
an extent that there is need for a great deal 
larger production. To encourage this and to 
set forth the assured profits to those who con- 
template engaging in the business, is the purpose 
of this booklet. In the United States and Can- 
ada there are millions of fertile acres of com- 
monly termed "logged off" lands that would be 
worth millions of money for agricultural pur- 
poses, if cleared. In the western part of Ore- 
gon and Washington there are thousands of acres 
overgrown with underbrush and what is termed 
"second growth" timber. Out of these tracts 
could be hewn numberless farms and homes. 
They can be purchased very cheaply, but the 
cost of clearing the land is an obstacle to sale 
and settlement. The Angora goat has in a large 
measure solved this problem. The inherent ten- 
dency to browse — as the deer — has been a 
blessing in disguise, for this undergrowth and 
brush is to the goat a delicacy and the utiliza- 
tion of it a habit. Hence, we reiterate that the 
propagation of the Angora is one of the most 
profitable of the livestock industries in the North- 
west. 

In order to show to the homeseeking farmer 
and stock raiser the advantages offered in this 
field of almost unlimited scope, and to the own- 
ers of these immense tracts how they may be 
turned to good account, increasing the amount 
of acreage adaptable to agricultural pursuits 



and stock raising, it was decided by the board 
of directors of the Northwest Angora Goat 
Association to issue this report of the first 
annual convention, which was held in Portland 
January 4-7, 1911, and to use as its principal 
subject matter the papers read before this meet- 
ing. 

The articles, papers and speeches herein 
found are all from practical men who are ex- 
perts on their particular subjects and the state- 
ments contained herein may be accepted in the 
assurance that they are proper and conservative 
statements of facts and a proper criterion by 
which to judge of the merits of the Angora goat 
and mohair industry in the Northwest. 

It has been the effort of the compiler to avoid 
"booming" the industry. It requires nothing 
of this nature, for the hundreds of successful 
breeders who have been engaged in the industry 
for the past twenty years have proven its worth 
without any recourse to exaggeration or the re- 
cital of happenings other than facts. 

It is simply desired to show the advantages 
of the industry, and in doing so we divide it into 
three classes, viz. : The clearing of brush lands, 
the growing of mohair for commercial purposes, 
and the animal, as a delicacy for the table. It 
is maintained that the Northwest is ideal for the 
purpose, and that we can engage in all three 
branches of the industry with abundant profit. 
We have here men of national reputation, who 
have achieved wonders, who have amassed 
much money and who have built up a most lu 
crative business in the growing of Angora goats 
simply for the profits accruing from the sale of 
mohair, and this on high priced land. Greater 
profits can be made when one may raise the 
same class of stock and produce the same grade 
of mohair on land that is worthless for any other 
purpose. 

It is hoped that this publication will be of 
benefit to those who are in the Angora goat 
business, to those who have such tracts of lands 
such as are mentioned, and to those who desire 
to buy cheap lands and engage in a business 
at once profitable and interesting. 



5 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORJHWEST 



In the perusal of the booklet the reader will 
find information dealing with all phases of the 
industry — the growing of stock, the production 
of mohair, suggestions as to the utilization of 
logged-off lands, and experiences of practical 
men who have been m the business for years. 



The time is coming and will soon be here when 
cheap lands will be hard to secure. At present 
there are cheap but rich lands awaiting the set- 
tler, and the Angora goat will be a prime factor 
in converting these now waste places into some 
of the most profitable lands of the Northwest. 




Greetings 



IN presenting this booklet to the public the 
Northwest Angora Goat Association does 
so hoping that it will be read by interested 
parties and particularly by those desiring infor- 
mation along these lines. 

The Angora industry in the Northwest is 
of great importance, but should be a much 
greater industry. Not only is there a field for 
parties to engage in the business exclusively and 
keep large flocks, but there is a place for a 
small flock on nearly every farm on the north- 
western coast. 

The common impression that the goat is hard 
to fence is erroneous, for while it is a great 
climber and will climb any slanting rail fence, 
it is no jumper and will not attempt to jump 
an ordinary woven wire fence. 



The goat's chief diet is largely made up 
from what would ordinarily not only go to 
waste, but would be a detriment to the farm, 
so the income is largely profit, when the range 
or pasture is not overstocked. 

New fields of usefulness are constantly be- 
ing opened up for mohair and the prices are 
such that a neat income can be derived from 
a flock of Angoras. 

This booklet is designed to furnish infor- 
mation about the Angora, but if any point is not 
fully covered, any officer or member of this 
association will gladly lend every assistance to 
any inquirer. 

E. A. Rhoten, 
Pres. Northwest Angora Goat Association. 



Hi^orical 



THE Angora breed of goats originated 
in the vilayet of Angora, in Asia Minor, 
but it is not known when this was. Some 
have ventured to say that it was 2400 years ago. 
There is pretty strong evidence which goes to 
show that they were a distinctive breed when 
Moses was leading the Israelites out of Egypt. 
Goats' hair was spun by the Israelites for cur- 
tains and other purposes for use in the temple. 
The story recorded in I Samuel (chapter 19) of 
the artifice of Michael in deceiving the messen- 
gers of Saul by placmg an image in the bed in 
place of David and giving it a pillow of goats' 
hair, is believed by Pennant to refer to a pillow 
made of the A.ngora fleece. 

The city Angora, or Enguri, the capital city 
of the vilayet of Angora, is the ancient Ancyra, 
and is located about 220 miles south by south- 
east from Constantinople. Angora was the 
seat of one of the earhest Christian churches, 
which was probably established by the Apostle 
Paul. The province is mountainous to a con- 
siderable extent and furrowed by deep valleys. 
It is about 2900 feet above the level of the sea. 
It was here that this famous goat reached its 
perfection. That the altitude, the soil, or the 
climate, or all of them together had much in- 
fluence in producing this fleece-bearing goat, is 
supported by strong evidence. Dr. John Bach- 
man and the Encyclopedia Britannica both state 
that the fineness of the hair of the Angora goat 
may perhaps be ascribed to some peculiarity in 
the atmosphere, "for it is remarkable that the 
cats, dogs, sheep and other animals of the coun- 
try are to a certain extent affected in the same 
way as the goats." The same opinion was 
expressed by Captain Conolly, quoted by 
Southey (1848) : "It is remarkable that wher- 
ever these goats exist the cats and greyhounds 
have long silky hair also — the cats all over 
their bodies, the greyhounds chiefly on their 
ears and tails. " These statements led Schreiner 
to the conclusion that the atmosphere is the chief 
factor. — By Geo. Fayette Thompson, M. S., in 
"The Angora Goat," U. S. Dept. Agriculture 
Bulletin 27. 



The history of the Angora goat in the United 
States dates from 1849 (see Practical Angora 
Goat Raising, by C. P. Bailey & Sons). Dr. 
James B. Davis, of Columbia, South Carolina, 
was presented with nine choice animals by the 
Sultan of Turkey. The Sultan had requested 
President Polk to send a man to Turkey who 
understood the culture of cotton. Dr. Davis 
was appointed, and upon his return to America, 
as a courtesy, the Sultan presented him with the 
goats. 

Col. Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Georgia, in 
1854, secured most of these goats, and in 1885 
made an exhibit of their progeny at the New 
Orleans World's Fair. These were followed by 
the Chanery importation in I 86 1 , the Brown & 
Diehl 1861, and it was from some of these 
that the famous flock of C. P. Bailey & Sons 
was started. 

Then followed the Eutichides importations of 
1873, the Hall & Harris of 1878, the Jenks in 
1880, and the Bailey importation of 1893. In 
1901 W. C. Bailey imported two bucks and 
two does from Asia Minor direct, and in 1901 
Wm. Landrum imported two bucks from South 
Africa, and Hoerle in 1 904 imported about 1 30 
head from South Africa. 

At the present time it is highly improbable 
that any more importations can be made, as a 
royal decree prohibits exports from Asia Minor 
and a prohibitive duty in South Africa of 
$486.65 has destroyed any hope of a suc- 
cessful importation from that country. 

However, as it is now generally conceded 
that our flocks are of as high a quality as any 
there, we have nothing much to lose by these 
restrictions. 

THE INDUSTRY IN THE NORTH- 
WEST. 

The Angora goats of the Northwest are of 
a particularly good type, the foundation stock 
being the high grade Angoras introduced fifty 
years ago. 

In 1872 or '73 Mr. Landrum exhibited a 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTUWEST 



small flock of Angoras at the Oregon State Fair 
at Salem, and the following year brought an ad- 
ditional ten animals for exhibition. His first 
flock pastured in a brushy enclosure near 
Salem, having created a great interest in Angoras 
throughout that section, a large sale flock was 
brought into the Willamette Valley by him in 
1874 or '75. 

According to Mr. George Houck, writing in 
the Oregon Agriculturist and Rural Northwest 
(November 1st, 1897), the first Angora goats 
brought to Oregon came from California about 
1867. The band, consisting of one hundred 
and fifty-two animals, was from the flock of 
Thomas Butterfield, a former associate of Wil- 
liam M. Landrum, the pioneer breeder, who first 
introduced Angora goats in California. 

These were brought here by Mr. A. Cantral, 
and he was one of the first, if not the first, 
to introduce them into the Willamette Valley. 
They were fifteen-sixteenths and thirty-one- 
thirty-seconds Angoras. There were 1 50 ewes, 
which cost Mr. Cantral $12.50 each, and a 
pure-blooded buck and one pure-blooded ewe. 
For these two he paid Mr. Butterfield $1500, 
this being the highest price for two Angoras by 
an Oregon breeder at that time of which there 
is any record. 

Mr. Cantral located near Corvallis, Oregon. 
Some of the older Angora breeders still re- 
member when he made an exhibit at the Oregon 
State Fair. 

Most of the goats of the state of Oregon are 
descendants from this Landrum stock, their rec- 
ord of breeding being traceable through the 
Peters flock to the animals of the original Davis 
importation from Turkey. Many other flocks 
have since been brought into the state, notably 
that of John S. Harris, a later importer of An- 
goras from Turkey, until today, as the out- 
come of forty years experience with this class 
of stock, the Oregon breeders have developed a 
very fine type of Angora goats — rugged, robust 
animals of large size and densely covered with 
mohair of good quality. 



With such stock for foundation, our present 
breeders have from year to year by intelligent 
breeding and patient care, combined with a 
knowledge of climate and local conditions, de- 
veloped a quality that is the envy of the world 
and a source of pride to the state. 

We have today men who have achieved a 
national reputation through their interest and 
development of the Angora and mohair in- 
dustry. Men like Wm. Riddells & Sons, of 
Monmouth, Oregon; U. S. Grant, of Dallas, 
Oregon; J. B. Stump, of Monmouth, Oregon, 
and E. T. Naylor, of Forest Grove, Oregon, 
are known from coast to coast and are entitled 
to the gratitude of the public for the incalculable 
good done by the exploitation of an industry that 
has added millions to the wealth of the state. 

From the initial importation fifty years ago 
the industry has flourished and broadened out 
until there is scarcely a county in the state in 
Oregon where they may not be found, and the 
State of Washington is taking thousands there 
to put to work on her waste lands. Polk 
county, Oregon, has been and is still the "Blue 
Ribbon " county for Angoras. There will be 
found the famous flocks of Grant, Farley, Guth- 
rie Bros., Riddell & Sons, Stump, McBee and 
others, and for years the sale of bucks has been 
a source of profit to the owners, aside from the 
annual sale of the mohair, which averages about 
150,000 pounds. 

Angora husbandry in Oregon now ranks 
well in importance with the livestock pursuits of 
the state. Oregon is second if not first m num- 
ber of Angora goats and production of mohair 
in the United States, the annual clip from its 
flocks of Angoras running in value well toward 
$50,000.00, while the value of their yearly 
increase approximates $400,000.00. More 
than half a million dollars of new wealth is 
added annually to the yield of Oregon farms 
from Angora goats. Oregon mohair ranks with 
the best in the eastern markets and commands 
the highest market prices. 



The Objed of the Association 

By Alva L. McDonald, Secretary. 



OWING to the fact that there are pres- 
ent with us today many men of national 
reputation who are experts in the industry 
which we represent here, I am not going to 
occupy any more time than will be sufficient to 
enable me to state briefly just how and why 
this association came into being. 

From an imaginary line away up in Canada 
to away "down South," not where the cotton 
but where the orange blossoms grow, bounded on 
the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east 
by the universe, we have territory that is unique 
in many respects. The unknown millions of 
acres in this district lying idle and unused, over- 
grown with brush, a menace to those living in 
the vicinity as a firetrap, fostering and always 
providing a source for starting fires, and the 
very nature of this isolation making it well-nigh 
impossible to ward off or to fight this common 
foe, these millions of acres known as "logged- 
off lands" have been for a long time truly a 
burning question. These tracts have burned 
and in doing so have burned their way into pub- 
lic attention, and many who have experimented 
with them have been in a measure scorched. 

Angora goat culture has furnished in a way 
a solution of the logged-off land difficulties. 
The industry has been a profitable one for a 
number of years and its possibilities have awak- 
ened a new interest among those who have 
large tracts of these logged-off lands. In fact, 
the industry is no longer an experiment, and this 
association is formed for the purpose of aiding 
and abetting the business and for the purpose 
of disseminating knowledge of the same. 

The devastation wrought by forest fires dur- 
ing the past year has aroused the public attention 
to the fact that something must be done to com- 
bat the awful results in consequence of the 
flames. In the Angora goat a way has been 
found by which the danger has been greatly 
lessened and a good profit has been made at 
the same time. 

To show the wide interest there is abroad 



concerning the industry, I wish to state that 
in the last year there has been to my knowledge 
dozens of new firms started in Angora business, 
and inquiries which our books will show have 
reached me from every section of the North- 
west and California. Information as a general 
rule is what is needed by them, and I have 
been hard pressed to keep up with these re- 
quests. The absence of ready printed matter 
has entailed voluminous correspondence. There- 
fore it is my opinion that we should get out a 
booklet dealing with the conditions here in the 
Northwest, which would facilitate matters ex- 
ceedingly. 

In arranging the program I have endeavored 
to cover the field and enable those here assembled 
to gain an insight into the various ramifications 
of the industry at large. I trust that much good 
will be accomplished. There is a wonderful 
amount of work yet to be done to place this 
industry on the plane to which it belongs. Many 
of those present were at the meeting in Dallas 
one year ago, when this organization was formed, 
but for the benefit of those who were not there 
I will quote from the minutes of the first meet- 
ing of this association. 

"Saturday, January 8th, 1910, representa- 
tives from most of the Angora goat centers of 
the Northwest met in convention to discuss and 
formulate plans looking toward the organization 
of a permanent association. The object, as 
stated, was to promote the industry, to get the 
breeders in a position so that concerted action 
can be taken on those matters affecting the 
industry, to secure adequate recognition from 
our state legislature and public officers, to pro- 
vide for a comprehensive plan of publicity, to 
collect statistics and data for the purpose of 
disseminating information respecting this very 
profitable branch of the livestock industry in 
the Northwest, to hold Angora goat conventions, 
and in general to contribute to the prominence 
of this great Northwest as an Angora goat 
breeding center. It was the unanimous senti- 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



ment of the convention that the prime object 
of the association will be to hold a great Angora 
goat show in the fall of 1910, time and date 
to be decided later. Addresses were made by 
U. S. Grant, president of the National Mohair 
Association; Wilson A. Ayres, Wm. Riddell, 
Alva L. McDonald and others on matters of 
interest pertaining to the industry. Officers were 
elected as follows: President, G. W. McBee, 
Dallas; vice-president, E. L. Naylor, Forest 
Grove ; secretary-treasurer, Alva L. McDonald, 
Portland; board of directors, W. A. Ayres, 
Dallas; J. Hanks, Ellensburg, Wash.; C. B. 
Guinn, Oakland, and W. C. Harkness, of 
Idaho. Altogether it was one of the most en- 



thusiastic meetings that the Angora goat men 
have ever held in this part of the country. An 
intense and earnest disposition was manifest to 
get together and work together and push for the 
upbuilding of the Angora goat industry, and 
all through the convention much harmony pre- 
vailed." 

The meeting today, gentlemen, is the result 
of that meeting. In the past year we have 
taken in as members all the leading breeders in 
the Northwest. We have just had a most 
successful show. - '-ave aroused much needed 

interest in the industry and we have before us 
a very hopeful outlook for the industry. 




-J^.-' 



An Angora Display at the Washington State Fair at Yakima, 1910. 

\Phoio b\) Alva L. McDonald 



10 



A Pradical Farmer's Experience with 

Angora Goats 

Read by J. R. Springer, Holly, Ore., at the First annual meeting of the Northwest An- 
gora Goat Association. 



I have been asked to read a paper on my 
experience with the Angora goat. Possibly my 
experience has not differed from others in the 
same calling and may not offer anything but 
that which is common property with you all, but, 
thinking that there may be some here at this 
convention who contemplate engaging in Angora 
husbandry, I have consented to read a paper on 
the subject. 

In 1 892 I settled on a homestead away up in 
the foothills in Linn county about 1 000 feet 
above sea level, where the timber and brush 
were so thick that the only way I could look out 
was skyward, and in many places the sky was 
obscured. 

It was a pretty big undertaking to hew out a 
home at the age of forty, but I was home hun- 
gry. Therefore I slashed timber and brush and 
went to burning logs and stumps to clear a place 
to grow something upon which to live. 

I followed this plan to clear the land for 
several years, but made slow headway, until I 
finally saw that the sprouts that came up were 
going to smother out what grass I had sowed 
and I was about to give up in disgust and sell 




"Looking Across the Valley." Note the absence of 
brush. The Angoras did it. 



to the first buyer, when two of my neighbors 
went over to Dallas in Polk county and bought 
some Angora goats and brought them into the 
neighborhood. 

I watched their work for that season and 
liked it. I then bought ten of the first kids 
that one man raised — five does and five wethers 
— for which I paid $30.00, brought them home 
at weaning time and put them to work. They 
and their progeny have cleared over 40 acres 
clean and I have part of that under cultivation 
and the rest is seeded to grass. They are now 
at work on the rest of the 90 acres I have cut 
and fenced. 

I am not so anxious to destroy the brush now, 
for the goats bring me the easiest money I make. 
They work for nothing, largely board them- 
selves the entire year, and return a handsome 
profit in kids and mohair. 

I do not know how much the mohair has 
brought me, for sometimes it has brought 2 1 
cents and sometimes 32 cents. When it was 
low we pooled and then the buyers pooled and 
agreed on a price, and until this year our clip 
did not hardly average $1.00 per fleece; but 
since the growers have organized things are 
coming our way again and the industry looks 
very encourapip" once more. 

I started with pretty good goats, for my 
neighbors said they got the best they could find. 
I am o.uite sure mine were good, for I sent 
some mohair down to the Lewis and Clark Fair 
and got a gold medal. 

Shortly after that fair one of my neighbors 
brought a buck from Wm. Riddell home with 
him and I watched for results. I had been told 
that kids from full-bloods were hard to raise, but 
when I saw that my neighbor got abng as well 
as I did, I bought the buck when he was through 
with him and I raised 46 kids in the two years 



11 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



I had him. I had been getting from one and 
one-half to three pounds per fleece from my kids, 
and when I got five pounds from some of the 
earliest I was indeed surprised. 

I then got a registered buck from the Craig 
brothers at Maclay, and the animals of the 
second cross are beauties. 

Fearing my neighbor was getting the better 
of me, I thought I would go him one better, so 
I purchased some registered does. My neighbor 
has sold his goats, but not because I got ahead, 
but on account of so much loss from coyotes. 
I also lost my first full-blood buck kid that way, 
but am not discouraged, for it is the mohair I 
am after principally and I find that at the price 
of mohair this year I only have to get one pound 
extra on 36 fleeces to pay for a $20.00 buck. 

I find that they eat everything that grows on 



goats this year and have 53 head left of my 
youngest and best. 

I have also had experience with early kids 
and I do not like them. I don't Hke to get 
out of a warm bed at one or two o'clock (and 
the colder, the more sure one is to have to get 
out) and go to the goat shed and bring in a half 
dozen half frozen kids and build up a fire and 
warm them. 

I have an improved method for raising large 
kids without their being born so early in the 
season. I sow vetch and oats early in the 
fall, and along about the first of April it is 
large enough to turn in the kids. This gives 
them a start so they catch up with those born 
earlier. 

I find that goats will not do well in the mud, 
but will get sore feet. If any do get footsore in 




While they were at it. After They Were Through. 

Seen: from Farm of J. R. Springer. 



my place and it takes from three to five years 
to kill out any kind of brush if the goats are 
confined to the one pasture. 

A year or two after I got my first goats I 
bought some Shropshire sheep and kept them 
two or three years, until I saw they would kill 
out what grass I had, and I then sold them. 
The sheep had their noses on the ground all the 
time and the goats had theirs up in the air after 
leaves on the brush. My cows could not get 
along with the sheep, but did and are still doing 
well with the goats. I was sorry I could not 
keep sheep, as I value them highly for their wool 
and mutton. 

I have sold over $100 worth of mohair and 



winter, I keep a bottle handy (with a crease 
in the cork) with a str^mg solution of blue vitriol 
to put between their hoofs and that corrects the 
trouble. 

For a feed rack I put a 1 2-inch board on 
the ground and leave a 7-inch space for them to 
put their heads through to eat and so prevent 
waste. They are a very clean animal and will 
not eat anything that has been mussed over. 

They make about the same round every day 
and return home at night. They take a little 
from each bush each day and finally the bush 
gives it up and dies for the lack of leaves. 

They eat thistles, dog-fennel, flag, ferns of a 
half dozen kinds, Oregon grape, sal-al, buck 



12 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



brush, wild rose (and they are the only animal 
or anything else that will kill the dewberry, com- 
monly called wild blackberry), chinkapu, hazel, 
alder, elder, dogwood, squawberry, fir, willow, 
maple, vmemaple, horehound and catnip, and 
in fact any living shrub or tree and grass will 



grow up with them. The fact is that when the 
brush is gone it is time to get rid of your goats, 
and I will say in conclusion that any one with 
a patch of brush cannot afford to do without 
them. 



The Utilization of Logged- Off Land for Pa^ure 
m We^ern Oregon and We^ern Washington 

By Byron Hunter, Agriculturist, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, in charge of Farm Manage- 
ment Investigation in Oregon and Washington. 




Byron Hunter, Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 

At the present time there are approximately 
3,000,000 acres of unimproved logged-off land 
in Western Oregon and Western Washington. 
The area of this land is also increasing very 
rapidly. In 1 908 the I 9 counties of Washing- 



ton west of the Cascade Mountains had a total 
of 5,179,995 acres of assessed standing tim- 
ber. By the close of 1910 this was reduced to 
4,397,580 acres, a decrease of a little more 
than 39 1 ,000 acres per annum. A decrease 
in the area of standing timber means a corre- 
sponding increase in the area logged off. 

These logged-off lands are being cleared and 
brought under cultivation very slowly when 
compared with the area stripped of its merchant- 
able timber. In 1 908 these 1 9 counties of 
Western Washington had 433,022 acres of 
assessed cultivated or improved pasture land. 
By 1910 this had increased to 627,723 acres. 
From these figures it will be seen, therefore, that 
the area stripped of its merchantable timber, i. e., 
logged-off, exceeds the area cleared and made 
ready for the plow or improved for pasture pur- 
poses by 293,857 acres per year. The reason 
for this difference is very apparent. To clear 
this land and bring it under a good state o\ 
cultivation is very expensive. In most instances 
the cost of the raw stump land plus the cost of 
clearing it exceeds the value of the land after 
it is under cultivation. For this reason the 
bulk of the logged-off land has been permitted 
to lie unused and unimproved since the timber 
was removed. In the meantime it grows up to 
ferns, underbrush and thickets of young ever- 
greens. In this condition logged-off land yields 
nothing to the owner, and becomes a drawback 
to the community. During the summer months. 



13 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE N0RTH:^EST 



when the logs, tree tops and other rubbish on 
the surface of the ground becomes thoroughly 
dry, uncontrollable fires not infrequently sweep 
over these waste areas. In this way logged-off 
land becomes a menace to the adjacent standing 
-timber and the homes and property of the settlers 
who are making farms on these cut-over lands. 

The rapid increase in population of both 
Oregon and Washington during the last decade, 
especially of the cities, has made a great de- 
mand for farm produce. To meet this demand 
it has been necessary to ship into these two states 
enormous quantities of food supplies. This in 
turn has caused a great demand for farm land 
and has brought the question of utilizing logged- 
off land prominently before the people. Owing 
to the rapidity with which the timber is being 
cut and the heavy expense connected with bring- 
ing logged-off land under cultivation, it is very 
evident that it will be many years before the 
bulk of this land will be cleared and used to pro- 
duce farm crops. If allowed to lie unused 
it produces a growth of underbrush and young 
trees. It therefore becomes very difficult to 
clear the land as the years go by. 

The climate of Western Oregon and Western 
Washington is well adapted to the growth of 
grasses and clovers and my purpose in appear- 
ing before you today is to show ( 1 ) how these 
cut-over lands may profitably be used for pas- 
ture, and (2) how, under proper management, 
the use of these lands for pasture purposes will 
materially lessen the cost of clearing the land 
and largely decrease the danger of forest fires. 
Preparation of Logged-Off Land for Pasture. 

Under modern methods of logging there is 
usually an enormous amount of debris left on 
the surface of the ground and in which fires 
frequently break out during the dry season. In 
order to protect the standing timber it has be- 
come quite generally recognized that logged-off 
land should be burned over at such time and 
under such condition that the fire be kept under 
control. 

The Time to Burn. 

There is considerable difference of opinion 
regarding the most desirable time to burn. On 
the one hand, the timbermen, who look largely 
to the protection of the standing timber, gener- 
ally favor burning about the first of October 



or during May, i. e., at a time when fire will 
not run in the standing timber. While burn- 
ing during the late fall or spring will afford 
considerable protection from forest fires, it is 
also well understood that it is very seldom that 
a thorough, complete burn is secured. On the 
other hand, those who intend to clear the land 
or improve it for pasture purposes almost uni- 
versally favor burning during the last of August 
or early in September, that is, just before the fall 
rains begin. At this season of the year every- 
thing is dry, and the fire consumes the greatest 
possible amount of the coarse material. The fire 
also runs in the fine material which lies on the 
surface of the ground, burns over the greatest 
possible area, and leaves a bed of ashes in which 
the grass seed may be sown. 

If the land is burned over during the dry 
season it is necessary to comply with the state 
fire law and to use much greater precautions 
foi keeping the fire under control. Where the 
land is to be seeded to grass and used for pas- 
ture for a number of years, we firmly believe 
it will pay to do this. 

Preparing for the Burn. 

In order to get the greatest amount of pas- 
turage from logged-off land it is sometimes 
necessary to do considerable work befor-e th"? 
burn takes place. While evergreens may be 
slashed any time during the year, deciduous 
trees and saplings should be cut in the lite 
spring or early summer, when the leaves are 
out and the sap is flowing. If cut at this season 
of the year the roots, it is claimed, will die better 
and the leaves will dry and make a hot fire. 
The slashing should be done early enough to 
give the material cut time enough to dry. In 
order to get the material cut to lie closely to- 
gether and make the hottest fire, it should all 
be felled in the same direction as nearly as pos- 
sible. Cutting the large limbs from the tree 
tops left by the loggers will also aid in getting 
a complete burn. If the large and partly de- 
cayed logs are bored and split with a small 
amount of powder and allowed to dry for sev- 
eral weeks, they will be more nearly consumed 
by the fire. To guard against the fire being 
carried by the wind the old dead trees and snags 
should be cut down. While this preparation for 



14 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



the burn is necessary in order to get the greatest 
amount of feed from the pasture, some men 
claim it will not pay to do any slashing between 
the cessation of loggmg and the time of the 
burn. This is a matter that must be decided 
by each individual. 

Since the land to be burned over is to be used 
for pasture, it will " be necessary to fence it. 
If a fence row 1 or 12 feet wide is cleared 
around the margin of the area to be burned 
it will greatly help m controlhng the fire. It 
will also make it much easier to keep the fence 
in repair, for a horse can then be ridden entirely 
around the pasture. As a further precaution 
several barrels of water may be hauled and 
placed at the most dangerous points. 

Time to Set the Fire. 

The wind is usually highest from 10 A. M. 
to 5 P. M. The safest time to start the fire, 
therefore, is in the late afternoon or after the 
sun has gone down. It is safest to back fire, 
that is, start the fire on the side toward which 
the wind is likely to blow, forcing it to burn 
against the wind. 

If logged-off land is burned over as indi- 
cated above — just before the fall rains begin — 
the ground is usually left in good condition for 
seeding. If the burns take place during Octo- 
ber or in the late spring, the fine trash on the 
surface of the ground is usually too wet to burn 
sufficiently to give a good stand of grass. The 
surface of the ground must be completely burned 
over and covered with ashes in order for the 
seed to germinate well. 

Pasture Mixtures. 

Since the stumps and unburned tree tops in 
most instances will remain on the land for sev- 
eral years, there will be but little opportunity 
to renew the stand of grass. For this reason 
the pasture will usually be permanent and great 
care should be exercised in selecting plants for 
the pasture mixture. The ground will either 
be occupied by the grasses sown or by weeds. 
It is evident, then, that a part of the mixture 
should consist of plants which germinate easily, 
make a quick growth, and which will occupy 
the ground immediately. Since the pasture is 
to be used for many years without renewing, it 



is also essential that the mixture contain plants 
which will last a long time, stand tramping and 
close cropping, and which will make as much 
growth as possible 

The plants which make up the pasture mix- 
ture should be determined ( 1 ) by the condition 
of the soil, whether it is low and wet or whether 
it is well drained upland, and (2) by the life 
of the pasture, whether it is to be permanent or 
temporary. If the land is to be used for pasture 
for only a few years and then cleared and put 
into cultivation, the seed of plants which germi- 
nate well and which produce abundantly from 
the beginning should be sown. If, on the other 
hand, the land is to be used for pasture indef- 
initely, with the stumps and tree tops remaining 
on the land, the mixture should contain both 
quick growing and hardy, long-lived plants. 
The following mixtures are suggested: 

I . Mixture for Wet Land — 

Italian rye grass 8 lbs. per acre 

Red top 5 lbs. per acre 

Timothy 3 lbs. per acre 

Alsike clover 3 lbs. per acre 

White clover 1 lb. per acre 

Since Italian rye grass, timothy and alsike 
clover are all quick growing plants, they will 
form the principal forage for the first few years. 
If not reseeded alsike clover will disappear in 
three or four years and the timothy will gradu- 
ally become thinner. Red Top, white clover 
and Italian rye grass will eventually form the 
chief herbage. 

2. Mixture for Moist Land — 

Italian rye grass 6 lbs. per acre 

Orchard grass 4 lbs. per acre 

Kentucky Blue Grass 2 lbs. per acre 

Timothy 2 lbs. per acre 

Red clover 4 lbs. per acre 

White clover I lb. per acre 

In this mixture Italian rye grass, timothy, 
and red clover furnish the bulk of the feed for 
a few years, after which the timothy and red 
clover will disappear. Orchard grass, Ken- 
tucky Blue Grass and white clover will grad- 
ually gain possession of the land and furnish 
the larger part of the forage. 



15 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



3. Permanent Mixture for Upland — 

Italian rye grass 8 lbs. per acre 

Orchard grass 6 lbs. per acre 

Kentucky Blue Grass 4 lbs. per acre 

Red clover 4 lbs. per acre 

White clover I lb. per acre 

This mixture is intended for land that will 
be used for pasture for many years without 
improving the land very much. Red clover 
and Italian rye grass are the quick, rapid grow- 
ers of this mixture, while Orchard grass, Ken- 
tucky blue grass and white clover are the en- 
during, long-lived plants. Italian rye grass will 
last well also. White clover and Kentucky 
blue grass will form a good turf that will stand 
much tramping and close cropping. Red clover 
will soon disappear and for this reason many 
would omit it from the mixture. White 
clover will usually come of its own accord in a 
few years and many who have had experience 
with logged-off pasture land think it unnecessary 
to add it to the mixture. The importance of 
having a clover well distributed over the pas- 
ture, we think, justifies sewing a small amount 
of white clover seed. 

4. Temporary Mixture for Upland — 

Italian rye grass 8 lbs. per acre 

Timothy 3 lbs. per acre 

Orchard grass 8 lbs. per acre 

Red clover 5 lbs. per acre 

White clover 1 lb. per acre 

This mixture is intended for land that will be 
pastured with Angora goats for a few years 
to kill the brush before the land is cleared. 
Since it will require from 4 to 6 years to de- 
stroy the brush and rot the roots enough to per- 
mit plowing the land, it is necessary to place 
orchard grass and white clover in the mixture, 
for the timothy and red clover will ma'ie but 
little feed after two or three years. 

Opinions differ considerably amorr men who 
have had experience in seeding burned over 
logged-off land as to the amount and kind of 
seed to sow. Some hold that more feed will 
be produced if the stand is comparatively thin, 
so that the plants will have plenty of room to 
stool and root deeply. Others believe in using 
a liberal amount of seed because it is sown on 



the surface of the ground with no chance to 
cover it. Of the grasses here recommended 
Italian rye grass and orchard grass are very 
popular with those who have tried them. Dr. 
D. F. Francis, manager of the Chehalis River 
Lumber Company, has been seeding logged-off 
land for 8 years. He has tested most of the 
common grasses and clovers and now has 1 700 
acres seeded. He now recommends Italian rye 
grass, orchard grass, and white clover of the 
uplands and Italian rye grass, red top, and 
white clover for the wet lands. 

WHEN TO SOW THE SEED. 

When to sow the seed will depend upon the 
time the land is burned over. If the burn 
occurs during July, August, or early in Sep- 
tember, the seed should be sown in the early 
fall before the ashes have been settled by the 
rains. If sown in the unsettled ashes, the first 
rains that come will then cover the seed suffi- 
ciently to insure good germination. 

If the burn occurs so late in the fall that 
the seed can not be sown until during Octo- 
ber, it will usually be best to sow the true 
grasses then and wait until in February or 
March to sow the clovers. The heaving of the 
soil during the late fall and winter, a condi- 
tion caused by the alternate freezing and thaw- 
ing, often destroys young clover unless it is sown 
early enough in the fall to get a good start. 
If the fall sown clover is destroyed in this 
way it may be resown during the early spring. 

MANAGEMENT OF THE PASTURE. 

Because of the difficulty of improving or re- 
newing the stand of grass, logged-off pastures 
should be so carefully managed that they will 
remain in a high state of productiveness for 
many years. The pasture should not be closely 
grazed for at least two reasons. In the first 
place stock does poorly when the feed becomes 
scarce, and unless thrifty, stock is seldom 
profitable. In the second place, close grazing 
materially lessens the amount of feed produced 
and shcrtens the life of the pasture. Our pasture 
plants must be allowed to produce a considerable 
quantity of green leaves if they are to be strong 



16 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



and vigorous. Pastures should be allowed to 
get a good start before the stock is turned in. 
Especially is this true if the pasture is new. Land 
that is sown in the early fall usually is not in 
good condition to be grazed until late the follow- 
ing spring. 

Experience has thoroughly demonstrated that 
pastures are most successfully managed when 
well fenced and divided into a number of sub- 
divisions. This makes it possible to restrict the 
stock to any enclosure and to change them from 
one pasture to another as the feed becomes 
plentiful or scarce. By changing the stock in 
this way, the grass has a chance to become re- 
newed in vigor, growth and freshness. 

While the climate of Western Oregon and 
Western Washington is especially adapted to 



during the autumn months. In the late fall, the 
stock is turned in to feed upon this growth 
during the winter. This necessitates the sub- 
division of the pasture. 

THE KIND OF STOCK TO PASTURE. 

There are two important problems which 
must be taken into consideration in using logged- 
off land for pasture purposes. The first of 
these is the strong tendency of the underbrush, 
briars and weeds to occupy the ground and 
crowd out the pasture plants. The second is 
the difficulty of maintaining the pasture in a 
productive condition where the stumps and so 
much timber are to remain on the land. In 
deciding the kind of stock to be pastured, these 
two problems should be carefully considered. 




Fig. I . — The merchantable timber was removed from 
the land on each side of the fence in this figure 
durmg 1902. In the fall of 1903 the land was 
burned over. Orchard grass was sown m the ashes 
on the right side of the fence, but not on the left. 
Smce the spring of 1904 the land to the right of the 
fence has been pastured with Angora goats, cattle 
and horses. From a glance at the picture it will 
be seen that the cost of clearing the land that has 
bean pastured would be much less than the cost of 
clearing that which has not been pastured. 



the growth of pasture plants and while much 
winter grazing may be done, stockmen must 
count on doing considerable winter feeding. The 
necessity of this, however, may be greatly re- 
duced by providing good winter pasture. This 
is done by removing the stock early in the sum- 
mer and allowing the pasture to produce the 
greatest possible amount of leaves and stems 




Fig. 2. — The land on each side of the fence in this 
figure was logged over in 1895. A second growth 
of young trees and brush was permitted to spring 
up during the next years. The second growth on 
the left of the fence was slashed (cut down) in 
the spring of 1903. During the following Septem- 
ber the slashing was burned and 10 pounds of 
orchard grass seed per acre was sown in the ashes. 
Since the spring of 1904 the pasture has been grazed 
with Angora goats, cattle and horses. The under- 
brush and young trees on the right of the fence 
represent a growth of 1 5 years. It will be clearly 
seen that the land on the left of the fence, which 
has been used for pasture for 7 years, can be cleared 
and brought under cultivation much cheaper than 
that on the right of the fence. 

The first of these problems may be met sat- 
isfactorily by. the use of Angora goats. By 
nature, these animals are browsers. They eat 
very little grass unless compelled to do so. They 



17 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTJ^WEST 



thrive on weeds and the leaves, buds, twigs and 
bark of brush, a class of vegetation that other 
domestic animals rarely eat. By their use the 
underbrush may be either held under control or 
completely destroyed. 

If the primary object of pasturing Angora 
goats on logged-off land is to kill the brush, 
thereby lessening the cost of clearing the land 
very materially, they are confined to certain 
areas until the brush is destroyed. This will 
require from 2 to 5 years, depending upon the 
kind of brush to be killed and how closely it 
is kept browsed. After the brush is destroyed, 
it requires 2 or 3 years more for the roots to rot 



that the brush may not be browsed closely 
enough to be destroyed. If provided with suit- 
able shelter and a good winter brush pasture, 
that is, a pasture that was not used during the 
previous season. Angora goats require very little 
other feed during the winter. Proper shelter, 
care and good feed during the severest weather, 
however, will keep them more thrifty and in- 
crease the quantity of mohair produced. 

The second problem, that of maintaining the 
pasture in a productive condition, must be 
largely met by carefully guarding against over 
grazing and by pasturing the kind of stock that 
is least severe on the stand of grass. Properly 




Fig. 4. — An excellent stand of grais amongst the stumps 
and logs. This land was burned over during the 
summer of 1909 and seeded in the fall of 1909. The 
grass in the foreground is mostly Italian rye grass. 




Fig. 3. — A good bed of ashes in which to sow grass 
seed; the result of slashing and burning a growth 
of brush 20 years old. The second growth is shown 
at the right. 



sufficiently for the land to be plowed. In order 
to destroy brush uniformily with Angora goats, 
it is often necessary to cut the saplings that are 
too large to be bent over or ridden down by the 
goats, for all of the leaves and twigs must be 
within their reach. After the brush has been 
killed, it IS very probable that other kinds of 
stock will be found more prohtable than Angora 
goats. 

In some instances Angora goats will be pas- 
tured solely for the mohair produced and the 
increase of the herd. When this is the primary 
object instead of clearing the land of the brush, 
it will be desirable to keep the pasture in the 
best possible condition for goats. In order to 
do this, they are rotated from pasture to pasture 



managed, the Angora goat meets this problem 
perhaps the best of any of our domestic animals. 
If the pasture is so handled that the brush will 
be held under control instead of being killed, 
the land may be used as a goat pasture almost 
indefinitely. 

When the land is burned over and seeded as 
previously indicated, there will usually be a 
great deal more grass and clover produced than 
goats will consume in connection with their 
browsing. Some other kind of stock may profit- 
ably be run with goats to consume this surplus 
feed. That both sheep and horses are more 
severe on pasture than cattle is well known. For 
this reason, the latter is the more satisfactory 
class of stock to pasture with Angora goats on 



18 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 




Scene on "Goat Heaven Farm, Spangle, Wash. 

logged-off land. The rapidity with which the 
population of the Pacific Northwest has increased 
during the last decade has built up a strong de- 



mand for both beef and dairy products, espec- 
ially the latter. A statement from the State 
Dairy and Food Commissioner shows that the 
State of Washington is importing approximately 
$7,000,000 worth of dairy products annually. 
In addition to the shortage in dairy products in 
both Oregon and Washington, there is a cor- 
responding shortage in good dairy cows. There 
are few localities in the world wtiere dairy cows 
and dairy products can be produced so cheaply 
as Western Oregon and Western Washington. 
The moist, mild climate of this region makes 
it possible to graze cattle during the greater 
portion of the year and there is no reason why 
logged-off land can not be used successfully in 
this way. 



Mohair Industry 



By U. S. Grant, President National Mohair Growers' Association. 
Paper Read at First Annual Convention of Northwest Angora Goat Association. 

grower must work for the points that the manu- 
facturer sets forth as imperative, for if the 
mohair is unfit for manufacturing purposes, it is 
obvious that the grower will be the loser as well 
as the manufacturer; so the relationship between 
the grower and the manufacturer is very close ; 
in fact their interests, for the most part, are 
identical. 

In the first place there are several important 
characteristics that the manufacturer must insist 
upon. What he is most pleased to receive in 
mohair is soft, delicate curly hair. We see so 
little of this nowadays that it is almost a curios- 
ity ; and because of its scarcity and a constant 
call for it, the price paid will always be high. 
I will quote a prominent manufacturer of mohair 
goods, who says, "First of all, we want fine 
mohair ; mohair that will spin to fine yarns. The 
demand for low mohair is uncertain and the 
market is fluctuating; for this reason the price 
can never hold good. A large proportion of 
the mohair handled is low and coarse and such 
grades go for cheap and rough goods; a certain 
amount of the low mohair is needed, but for the 
In order to produce the best mohair and to most part the manufacturer wants you to raise 
receive the highest possible prices, the mohair the standard; if you do but know it, fineness 




19 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



is more desirable than weight. One of the chief 
features of mohair is its high lustre and because 
it is usually absent in wool it becomes peculiar 
to mohair. We claim our mohair goods to be 
bright and lustrous and even call them 'Bril- 
liantines.' Mohair that is dull and dead to the 
eye is greatly decreased in value. Mohair is 
known as being the most lustrous fiber of any 
animal material grown, and in fact is notorious 
that it loses none of its 'shine' as it goes through 
the various processes of manufacture. 

"Any amount of scouring, drying, singeing 
and dyeing has no effect on the lustre of the 
mohair fiber. Plushes, used for furniture and 
portieres, which undergo exceedingly vigorous 
treatment, are placed on the market with the 
same brilliant gloss that the breeder delights in 
seeing on the backs of his animals. 

"You have heard about the subject of kemp 
until you are doubtless tired of it. Neverthe- 
less, it IS too vitally important to omit in any 
treatise on mohair or the Angora goat. Perhaps 
the most serious draw-back to mohair is the 
persistent presence of kemp; and mohair growers 
should never cease their efforts to eliminate it. 
Why is it not desirable? Mohair dyes do not 
act on kemp and neither do dyes prepared for 
kemp have any effect on the mohair fiber. For 
example, when mohair plushes are dyed, the 
kempy substance, however little or much there 
may have been, shows up clearly in tiny white 
streaks on the face of the dyed goods. In the 
mills there are two distinct processes for the 
purpose of extracting kemp; expert mohair 
sorters who work by hand, and the combing 
process which takes out as much as possible of 
what is left. Some kemp, however, flies off the 
bobbin in the spinning, though this proportion is 
small. In sorting mohair, every man watches 
for the kempy portions which generally occur at 
the base of the staple, and can best be seen on 
the wrong side of the fleece. All this is thrown 
into a basket by itself (it is impossible to pre- 
vent some good mohair from going with it) 
and IS considered waste, though it sometimes 
goes for the manufacture of carpets and cheap 
rugs. combs. The gill boxes serve to straighten out 

"After the mohair is scoured and dried, it is the fibers in parallel position while the combing 
put through what they call gill boxes and the does much the same work, together with the 




Long Mohair. 

[Courtesy Oregon Agriculturist 



20 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



fascinating process of extracting the noil (the 
short and waste). The gears on the combs are 
set with respect to the amount or length of noil 
to be taken out. Since, fortunately, there are 
more short, kempy fibers than long ones, many 
of these fibers are carried along with the noil 
and are disposed pf as waste. So it is plainly 
seen that the more kemp we find, the more ex- 
pense and trouble it causes. \Ve feel that the 
greatest responsibility in this matter rests with 
the breeders, and the growers of mohair. The 
less kemp, the more you get for your mohair. 

"You have all learned that short mohair is 
not in active demand today in the manufacturing 
market. There have been seasons, however, 
when short hair was used and was bringing good 
prices ; the grower must be reconciled to the 
caprices in fashions ; short mohair brings not 
even the price proportionate to the price of long 
mohair, as the market dictates today. It is too 
bitty to comb and must go for the same cheap 
prices and purposes for which the noils go. 

"There is one mohair industry that the gen- 
eral public knows very little about and that is the 
manufacture of wigs, known as human hair 
goods, for both ladies and gentlemen. It is safe 
to say that ninety-nine percent of all false hair 
is made of mohair. Mohair that is suitable for 
wig making, brings from $2.00 to $15.00 per 
pound. 

"In conclusion, just a few words in relation 



to the National Mohair Growers' Association 
which was organized at San Antonio, Texas, 
November, 1 909 ; this is what we are now able 
to offer the mohair growers of the United States: 
Complete up-to-date warehouse facilities for stor- 
ing, sorting, grading and marketing the mohair; 
expert graders and salesmen have charge of the 
warehouses ; money to advance every shipper 
who desires it — 75 per cent cash on conservative 
market values when received, with 6 per cent 
interest. All mill credits guaranteed to the 
Association ; all to be done by our bonded 
agents in Boston under the supervision of our 
selling committee, so that every member is fully 
protected. 

"Join the National Mohair Growers' Associa- 
tion and become identified with an association of 
mohair growers organized and managed by and 
for the benefit and protection of Schedule 'K.' 
As long as it is within the power of the mills 
to make prices, it is safe to say they will continue 
to be low; all that we want is a fair deal, we 
feel entitled to the protection intended by the 
tariff, even higher than Schedule 'K.' 

"It is, therefore, the purpose of the American 
Angora Goat Breeders and National Mohair 
Growers' Associations to further plans designed 
to improve the marketing conditions for all 
Angora products and our influence is being felt 
with increasing strength. " 



Extrads from Address 

Of D. O. Lively, Vice-President and Manager Union Stock Yards, Portland, Oregon, 
At Angora Goat Association Convention, January 6, 1911. 



Your indefatigable secretary has asked me 
to say a few words about the market for goats 
at North Portland. He has not confined me 
to that topic, but has suggested that I might 
also state what I know about the use of goats 
for clearing cut-over lands in the timber section 
of the Pacific Northwest. The experience of 
owners is of more value than anything I could 
say along this line, and I may say, that Mr. 



Byron L. Hunter, who represents the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, is preparing a bulletin which 
will go into every phase of the utilization of cut- 
over lands. Every breeder of Angora goats 
should have a copy of this bulletin when it ap- 
pears, and Mr. Hunter, who is pres ent, will 
advise you about when and how it can be 
secured. 

The market for goat meat is limited under 



21 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



^-^..^ 




D. O. Lively. 



that name, but under the title of lamb chops, 
saddles of mutton and lamb stew, there mas- 
querades to the delight of the consumers, younger 
members of the goat family. There is no reason 
why this should be so, except in the lack of in- 
formation the general public has as to the 
delicacy and tastefulness of the meat of kids. 
Down m Louisiana and Texas, the rice 
farmers, in order to create a demand for their 
product have mstituted "Rice Day" throughout 
the United States, and on that day every hotel, 
dining car and restaurant in the United States 
is asked to include rice in the menu. In Cali- 
fornia they have "Raisin Day" and I suggest 
to the members of this association that they will 
provide a fund to be used by the secretary in 
promoting the consumption of goat meat. If 
this IS done, instead of securing 2|/2 cents 
per pound for your live animals for meat pur- 
poses, you can sell them along side the best 
lambs and get two and one-half to three times 
what is now offered. 



Clearing Land Cheaply 



Finding ourselves in possession of a large 
tract of Yakima River bottom land covered 
for the most part with brushy thickets almost im- 
penetrable, and finding the cost of clearing, grub- 
bing and plowing this to be about $40 per acre, 
we were forced to some slower and cheaper 
method of clearing and improving it. We are 
yet in the process, writes J. Hanks, of Ellens- 
burg, Wash., in Breeders' Gazette. 

We bought a small band of sheep and a few 
head of pure-bred Angoras for the purpose of 
cleaning out the undergrowth of rose briar, buck 
brush, service berry, thorn, wild cherry, currant 
and sprouts of willow. Sheep could do no good 
in producing wool, mutton and lambs on these 
rations, and required pasture additional, but the 
goats are perfectly at home contented and pros- 
perous on this diet. 

We have now had three years of experience 
with them and pronounce them the most econom- 
ical and effective remedy for such a situation as 
described. Their increase and fleeces have paid 
well. We have not lost one from disease or 



sickness of any sort ; have had money enough 
from prizes, sale of bucks and fleeces to pay all 
first costs, including bucks purchased for breed- 
ing, and our flock is three times the original 
number at present. The brush is a little hard 
on their fleeces but it is good for the goats and 
the brush too. 

They hold down the sprouts and the ever- 
lasting browsing winter and summer kills them 
off. We feed in winter alfalfa hay and grain 
and at kidding time a little grain. They are 
good leaders for the sheep both outward and 
homeward bound. They never have shown any 
disposition to be ugly toward the small children, 
but now and then give the dogs a gentle re- 
minder and fight quite a little among themselves 
when closely confined. They are quite sociable 
in their work afield, half a dozen combining to 
ride down and strip some conifer or willow. 
Their enterprise is remarkable. Always they 
are on the move and in the direction of least 
resistance and largest prospect for feed. Our 
six-wire fences, three-board panel and wire, and 



22 



TF'E ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



woven wire all restrain them, but the panel and 
wire is best, as they never force their heads 
through as with the meshes of a woven fence. 
1 he rigid boards are better than yielding wire of 
any kind. 

We do not worship them. At times we think 
— ^yes, speak — in ^ no way complimentary to 
them when they mount to the top of a hay stack, 
stand on their hind feet and eat the horses' 
grain from the boxes or scale the wood ricks. 
But for brush clearmg and rescuing waste places, 
paying an income the while, they have exceeded 
our expectations. Our climate has dry winds, 
cold but bracing. There is abundant pure run- 
ning water from the mountains the year round, 
and they thrive. 

R. G." writing to the Breeders' Gazette, 
February 23, 1910, says: 

Having in 1907 made inquiry as to the value 
of Angora goats as scavengers and not being 
able to find them near home, I went to Texas 
and found a flock of 800 wethers. I bought 
and shipped in April. 

During the summer the goats cleaned up 
about 400 acres. Much of this land had been 
burned and chopped over and was covered by 
a dense growth indigenous to this soil. In it 



one could not have seen a cow four rods away. 
By fall a rabbit could not find hiding except 
under rock or logs. In one of the pastures were 
20 acres of meadow across which they traveled 
each day in going from one wood to the other, 
and except for the trails one would scarcely 
suspect it was pastured until late in the season, 
when they were compelled to eat it for feed. 
On getting the goats back I do not like to dwell. 
Fortunately there was a large patch of sumach 
in the valley and when the 800 hungry goats 
struck it you should have seen them eat! If 
there is one thing that a goat likes better than 
an orchard it is a nice bunch of sumachs and 
they will take bark and all. The first places 
they cleared were the rocky points ; they would 
stand on the edge of overhanging cliffs where 
there were sheer drops of I 00', reach out and 
bend limbs and strip every bush and bough 
within reach. Not until they had cleared every- 
thing would they feed on the lower lands. 

While goats have their choice of feed they 
will eat every kind of tree or shrub excepting 
shellbark hickory and all weeds but May apple. 
They seldom bark any of the forest trees that 
are over 3" or 4" in diameter, slippery or red 
elm excepted. They will bark these even if 
3' through and dig in the ground for the roots. 




23 



Mohair and A^ngoras 



By Wm. Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 




Wm. Riddells. 

As shearing time is approaching again we 
think a few words in regard to the proper hand- 
ling of the mohair would be timely as a large 
part of the Oregon clip will likely be pooled in 
the usual way and clipped and packed in sacks in 
any old kind of weather, rain or shine, as suits 
the convenience of shearer or owner. 

But to the careful and painstaking breeder 
who handles both his flock and output of mohair 
in the most progressive and up-to-date way, we 
can predict a period of good average prices, 
there being more mohair used as its merit be- 
comes more widely known. The strength and 
elasticity and fine spinning qualities of mohair 
will always make its position sure in the textile 
world. This is a splendid time now for goat- 
men to improve their flocks, when goats are at 
bedrock prices. Let them cull out all old wethers 
and does that shear a light fleece of inferior 
quality and sell them on the market for Angora 
mutton. When the packing plant at Portland 
starts operations they will likely buy goat meat, 
as it will be the equal to any kind of meat for 
packing. 

By a systematic method of selecting out the 
culls the standard of our mohair in Oregon could 
be increased 50 per cent in one season and we 



would soon be getting double the prices which 
we now receive (some of the progressive breeders 
have been getting 38 and 40 cents, while the 
open market or pool price has been 24 cents), 
which all goes to show what a little lack of 
push and enterprise loses the goatmen of this 
state. 

Another source of loss that is overlooked 
among the goatmen is in the shearing capacity 
of the animals, many also making the mistake 
of thinking that to have a gooci heavy shearing 
the animal must necessarily have a coarse fleece. 
A dense fleece of fine fiber will always outshear 
a long thin coarse fleece, there being three and 
four times as many hairs in the dense fleece. 
Here is where good judgment in the selection 
of bucks comes in, many buyers overlook the 
fleece and will go on a foretop. It seems to be 
an indisputable fact that a coarse haired buck 
or doe will carry a more beautiful foretop than 
a fine haired animal, the latter being denser and 
shorter is more woolly and has more of a tend- 
ency to shed. An Angora that shows a good, 
dense and heavy growth with a dark fleece show- 
ing the yoke is undeniably the kind of Angora 
for this wet country and especially so when we 
have a comet to contend with. It will be the 
wise thing not to begin shearing too early this 
season as the goats will carry their fleeces longer 
than usual and will most likely need them for 
some time yet for protection from cold and rain. 

The long mohair business is also something 
that is going to be worth some breeder's atten- 
tion and time, one good shearing animal will 
bring in from $75 to $100 for an 18 months' 
growth of hair. So if a man has 20 goats that 
will carry their fleece it can easily be seen how 
he can make some easy money. The main 
trouble is evidently to get the goats that will 
carry their fleeces. There are, however, a few 
in this state among the best breeders' flocks, 
and there will always be more as they are bred 
higher and the South African blood becomes 
more prominent in our flocks. 



24 



Moh 



air 



From a Manufacturer's Standpoint. 

Read Before the First Annual Convention of Northwest Angora Goat Association. 
By John E. Young, Treasurer and Manager of the Multnomah Mohair Mills. 



The successful development of the manufac- 
turing end of the mohair industry depends in 
the first place very largely on the grower. The 
manufacturer begins with what is the growers' 
finished product. At its best it is not a product 
that is easily handled. The difficulties that 
arise in the processes of manufacture are from 
the peculiar nature of the mohair fiber, very 
different from, and not quite so easily over- 
come, as those associated with most other textile 
fibers. When, to these natural difficulties are 
added those following the receipt of an imper- 
fect product from the grower, you will under- 
stand that the manufacturer's task is not an 
easy one, and sympathize with him in his anxiety 
to receive the product from the grower's hands 
in as perfect a condition as possible. 

There was a time when there was a strong 
tendency amongst the wool growers, and per- 
haps the tendency hasn't altogether disappeared 
yet, to label their product simply as wool. 
Perhaps they didn't add to the label — "just 
as good as anybody's," but they invariably 
thought so, and any suggestion that it might not 
be quite as good as their neighbor's, was an in- 
vitation to trouble. Lest there may be some 
tendency along that line, even amongst the more 
progressive element that has gone in mohair, I 
would like to point out now that from the manu- 
facturer's standpoint there may be a very great 
difference between your product and that of 
your neighbor. 

Of course, in all clips, there are some faults 
that are more or less present and in some clips 
all the faults are somewhat more present than 
less. Perhaps the simplest, most apparent, and 
most easily overcome defect in the clip as it 
comes to the manufacturer lies in the tying up of 
the fleeces. Why, for that purpose, should so 
many use sisal or hemp twine? It may sound 



unreasonable, but it is nevertheless true, that 
this alone will reduce the value of a clip 25 
per cent, with absolutely no saving or gain to 
the grower. There are manufacturers who 
would not take as a gift a bag of mohair having 
in it one fleece tied with sisal, provided they 
had to use it themselves. The fibers from the 
sisal get caught and mixed in such a manner 
that it is impossible to see and remove them all, 
and such fibers as are not removed go through 
with the mohair, being split and separated in 
their passage into many smaller ones. These 
fibers are too long to be taken out by the comb, 
and continue into the top and yarn, ultimately 
finding their way quietly and unobtrusively in 
the cloth. After the cloth is dyed, however, 
they are neither quiet nor unobtrusive. They 
stand out against the glossy black of the finished 
goods in very apparent white streaks. The re- 
sult is equally apparent, the value of the cloth 
is reduced by a half, and even at that cannot 
be easily handled in the market. Sisal will not 
take a dye, and as it clings to the mohair it is 
almost impossible to remove it all by any known 
process. A very few fibers of sisal will scatter 
through many yards of cloth. 

Straw mixed with mohair will have prac- 
tically the same results, but, fortunately straw is 
more easily seen and picked out. If, however, 
one straw, a few inches long, gets properly 
started, it is a powerful instrument for evil. In 
going through the preparers and combs it will 
be split into a hundred shreds. These being 
about the length of the mohair, are not combed 
out, but go along with the yarn into the cloth 
with the same results as in the case of sisal, 
a fiber most as bad, if it gets into the cloth, 
but cotton twine is not so likely to get into the 
yarn, as it does not have the clinging qualities 
of sisal. In any case, however, the best way is 



25 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



not to tie the fleeces with anything at all, but 
to follow the practice of the best growers, who 
hold a fleece together by rolling it and twisting 
the ends. 

In the actual operation of clipping there is 
generally room for a good deal of improvement. 
Many of the fleeces are not clipped evenly, 
quite often the same fibers have been clipped 
twice and it is not by any means an unusual 
thing to find tucked away in the fleece a fair 
sized portion of the goat's hide. Now I think 
any fair mmded man will be willing to concede 



any other vegetable matter. The picking out 
of these things in the sorting room by expert 
graders who work by hand only, is an expensive 
operation, and naturally this extra labor cost 
has to be met by the grower by his getting that 
much less for his clip. 

The faults already mentioned are entirely 
the faults of the grower, for none of them is 
the goat in any way responsible. But there is 
another class, which is due principally to the 
breed of the goat, and to correct which will 
take a longer time and some little expenditure 




Dick and Holmes Imp. by Landrum, 1901. 



[Courtesy Oregon AgricullurisI 



that these pieces of hide will give more comfort 
to the goat than they will profit to the manu- 
facturer. Uneven clipping, and clipping the 
same locks twice, results in an increased per- 
centage of short hair that does not go through 
the combs. All of this comes out as waste, 
thereby lowering the value of the clip to the 
extent of the extra loss. 

Another point in this connection is that the 
clipped fleeces should be kept in a clean place 
where they cannot accumulate straw, hay, or 



of money. Kemp is the technical name for soHd 
or dead hair. This is probably the hardest 
element to deal with in the process of manu- 
facturing. Kemp will not take any dye, and, 
as it is impossible to remove long kempy hairs, 
they show up in the cloth as white as when on 
the goat's back. While every animal will have 
some kempy hairs in its fleece, a well bred 
Angora has a comparatively small percentage 
of them. What kemp a young, well bred goat 
has, is likely to be short and can be removed 



26 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



with the noil by combing. The short kemp 
therefore only reduces the value of the clip by 
the extra waste that it makes, whereas the value 
of the clip having long, kempy hairs in it must 
not only stand this very material reduction for 
waste, but must also stand an additional greater 
reduction to cover the fact that any cloth made 
from it will have scattered through it fibers that 
cannot be colored. Every year a goat is clipped, 
the hair becomes coarser, and like every other 
animal, the older it grows the more kemp or 
dead hair it grows. Constant attention to breed- 
ing up, getting rid of the older animals, and 
taking care of the flock itself will soon effect a 
radical improvement in this respect. Increased 
luster and fineness are other very important re- 
sults that follow from the same care and it is 
also evident in the length, strength and evenness 
of staple. In an ordinary fleece of twelve 
months hair there are a great number of short 
hairs two inches long or less which are removed 
by the comb as waste. From one hundred 
pounds of hair of an ordinary breed of goats, 
forty pounds of these short hairs and kempy 
hairs are often combed out, while from the same 
weight of mohair from blooded stock possibly 
only fifteen pounds are combed out or lost. This 
illustrates a considerable saving due to length 
and freedom from kemp produced by good 
blood, but, if even a well bred flock has had 
a hard time during the growth of the fleece, 
it often shows by an uneven, weak, lusSeless 
spot on each hair. Such a clip shows a heavy 
loss in combing, as the hairs break at the weak 
place and the shorter ends resulting go out as 
waste. Outside of having as few very short 
hairs as possible in a clip, most manufacturers 
do not care for more than the ordinary length 
of staple. Extremely long hair breaks in work- 
ing, and if mixed with shorter hair prevents the 
spinning of good, even yarn. 

Heretofore, some growers have not seemed 
to realize the great difference breed will make 
in the returns obtained from a clip. For in- 



stance, last spring we bought on the same day, 
two clips from identically the same sized flocks. 
One clip weighed only a little over one-half of 
what the other did, and brought only 3 1 cents 
per pound. The other weighed nearly twice as 
much, brought 40 cents per pound, and from the 
manufacturer's point of view, this was the 
cheapest buy of the two. In this case the re- 
turns per head were over twice as much for the 
one flock as for the other. Breeding up the 
flock brings a double profit to the grower — it 
produces more weight to the goat and more 
money per pound for the mohair. 

Oregon is conceded to have one of the finest 
climates in the world for the goat industry, the 
cool, even summers and warm, open winters 
allow the animal to live a normal outdoor life, 
and added to this, the wooded, hilly slopes give 
them their natural feeding and ranging condi- 
tions. Without the extreme heat of the Southern 
states, the hair can be allowed to remain for a 
full year's growth, making less work in clipping 
and increasing very considerably the value per 
pound of the clip over that of the countries 
where semi-annual clipping is necessary. The 
value of the goat for clearing land is far 
greater here than elsewhere, as the rank under- 
growth of the Coast Range is very hard to keep 
down and while growing a fleece, the goat often 
earns good wages by his labor; wages which the 
owner is never called upon to pay. But from 
the various practical points which I have brought 
before you, I think that you will realize that 
it won't do to put it all up to the climate, to 
the natural conditions, or to the goat itself. To 
all of these must be added the intelligent efl^ort 
of the grower. The result, measured by the 
commond standard of dollars and cents, will 
more than justify the efl^ort, and to that material 
result will be added the satisfaction of knowing 
that he is turning over to his successor in the 
work a finished and as nearly as possible, a 
perfect product. 



27 



Regi^ered Angora Goats 

By John W. Fulton, Secretary of the American Angora Goat Breeders' Association, Helena, 

Montana. 



It is particularly true of Angora goats that 
"The best pay best " and the most profitable 
flocks today are those of registered goats. 

The registered Angora of the present day is 
a vastly different anim.al from the goat com- 
monly termed the "Angora " ten years ago. A 
great improvement has been made in the breed 
by the practical animal husbandmen of this 
country who have well applied their skill in the 
development of a better Angora. 

The quality of the clip has been greatly im- 
proved and the weight of the fleece materially 
increased so that the return from the mohair of 
a flock of the improved Angora of today is 
from three to five times the value of the fleece 
obtained from the Angora flock of ten years ago. 

The American Angora Goat Breeders' Asso- 
ciation was organized in 1 900, and has ever 
since maintained the only pedigree registry of 
Angora goats in the United States. The original 
foundation flock record was established by selec- 
tion of individual animals upon examination by 
deputized inspectors whose selections were made 
from the best flocks of that time in Oregon, 
California, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, 
the section of the country where Angora hus- 
bandry had even in those days received much 
attention and where the greatest number of 
goats were to be found. 

After several years of this method of selection 
of individual animals by inspection, the founda- 
tion flock record was closed, and since then the 
pedigree register has been open for the entry of 
only worthy and meritorious animals as are 
from registered sires and dams. 

The association has assisted in no small de- 
gree in bringing about the present favorable de- 
velopment of the Angora in this country by its 
annual patronage and encouragement of fully 
fifty competitive Angora exhibits held in all parts 
of the United States and also through the annual 
exhibit held under its auspices at Kansas City 
as a national competitive show — an Angora 



Court of Final Appeal — where the prize winners 
of the different states may vie for the greater 
honors conferred by the awards of a competitive 
exhibit that is national in its scope. 

Aside from the benefits derived by ambitious 
breeders through the opportunity afforded for 
comparison of animals at these exhibits, the pub- 
licity given the flocks represented in the com- 
petitions tends to create new and increased in- 
terest in the breed and favorable opportunity is 
given exhibitors to demonstrate the value of 
"Angoras of the Right Kind" on the average 
farm whether it be in the North, South, East or 
West. 

The association membership is comprised of 
Angora breeders of nearly every state in the 
union and Canada as well. Eight states are 
represented on its board of directors. 

Through its publications, news items and arti- 
cles in the farm and live stock journals, by its 
encouragement and patronage of Angora goat 
exhibits and in various other ways the American 
Angora Goat Breeders' Association is promot- 
ing greater interest in Angora husbandry through- 
out all parts of the country and is materially 
assisting in the development of this most promis- 
ing American live stock industry. 

The charter of the association wisely prevents 
the organization from engaging in the strictly 
commercial work of buying and selling goats 
or marketing their fleece or pelts and thereby 
enables it to possess and exercise a greater and 
more beneficial influence as an advisory, helpful 
and protective body. It is ever ready with its 
co-operation to assist in the furtherance of plans 
that will so improve the marketing of Angora 
products as to result beneficially to American 
Angora husbandmen. 

It particularly advocates greater familiarly by 
all Angora goat breeders with mohair market 
conditions and prices and with the general news 
appertaining to the industry, which can now 
readily be had by subscription to the journals 



28 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



Ivnown to have an Angora goat department in 
their issues. Through these papers, one may 
learn the market prices of goats, mohair and pelts 
at any time and what is, too, of great interest to 
American mohair growers may know the current 
weekly quotations of mohair in Bradford, the 
world's greatest mohair market, and thus be ad- 
vised of the prices American mills are com- 
pelled to pay in addition to the duty and freight 
charges in their necessary importations to meet 
the deficiency in our home production. 

It is firmly believed a better understanding by 
American Angora husbandmen of conditions 
prevailing in all branches of their industry will, 
in itself, exercise a great and most beneficial in- 
fluence in upholding prices of Angora products 
and in securing best results from American 
flocks. 

In bringing about a still further development 



of the breed, much is expected from the small 
flocks of registered Angoras of which an an- 
nually increasing number is being started on 
American farms with each succeeding year. 
These will receive greater care and attention than 
given the range bands of grade goats and being 
decidedly profitable and beneficial stock on the 
farm and as well intensely interesting and attract- 
tive animals, they will elicit the attention and 
skill of our animal husbandmen to a degree 
bound to show equally as wonderful develop- 
ment in the breed during the next ten years as 
has been shown since the organization of the 
American Angora Goat Breeders' Association 
m 1900. 

Again we say to all contemplating a purchase 
of Angoras — "The Best Pay Best" — the reg- 
istered Angora is indeed "The Kind to Buy" 
for greatest satisfaction, benefit and gain. 




Registered Angoras from Maple Springs Farm, Scio, Oregon. Exhibit at Scio Fair, 1910. 

Photo b^ Alva L. McDonald] 



29 



Angora Pelts 

The Possibilities in this Branch of the Business. 
By John W. Fuhon, Secretary American Angora Goat Breeders' Association. 



That there are interesting possibihties in the 
dead Angora as well as in the live one readily 
becomes apparent upon learning of the many 
serviceable articles now made from Angora 
skins, in which manufacturers and dealers are 
enjoying an annually increasing trade. 

As the attractiveness and serviceability of 
Angora rugs in the home become better known 
they are bound to come into more general use. 
They are now made in various sizes, in square, 
rectangular and animal shape, of which the lat- 
ter is the most popular. They are finished white, 
black and in various other colors. Some diffi- 
culty, however, has been experienced in satis- 
factorily dyeing the Angora pelt black as an 
expensive and somewhat intricate process similar 
to that used in the dyeing of seal skin must 
be followed to secure a fast jet black. But few 
tanneries are prepared to apply this process sat- 
isfactorily, though it IS reasonable to expect an 
increased demand will eventually prompt others 
to undertake this work. The black rugs soil 
less easily than the white ones, though by fol- 
lowing the directions given by an extensive man- 
ufacturer and dealer the latter may be readily 
and easily cleaned without damage to the skins 
or to the linings. 

Though the lining of Angora skins to be used 
as floor rugs adds upwards of one dollar to 
their cost, they are not only made much more 
attractive in this way, but their serviceability 
is, as well, increased. The lining increases the 
size of the rug, prevents rolling or curling at 
the edges and also prevents tearing the skin in 
the usual snapping it receives when shaken to 
free it from dust. 

The Angora pelt acts differently from that of 
sheep as a rug, as the hair does not mat down 
as does wool, and furthermore, by occasional 
shakings, the hair or fleece is readily brought 
into its original condition, and, too, is more 
easily freed of the particles of dust, dirt, lint. 



etc., that usually accumulate on a floor mat or 
rug. This is a peculiarity of mohair and is an 
advantage noticeable in the various articles made 
from the Angora skins as well as in mohair 
fabrics. 

With the passing of the King of the Prairies, 
the buffalo robes, so common in the past, have 
become so expensive that dealers have been 
forced to seek a substitute. Angora skins ad- 
mit of the best imitation, and nothing can re- 
place the buffalo robe as satisfactorily as the 
carriage and seligh robes now made from well- 
selected Angora pelts. 

Chaparejos, with either black or white Angora 
fronts, are the "chaps " dear to the heart of 
every range rider in the cattle sections of the 
West. When made from well selected Angora 
skins they are indeed a most serviceable and at- 
tractive article of the rider's equipment and a 
means of great comfort and satisfaction to him. 
The sale of "chaps, " however, is a limited 
one and does not offer the possibilities in con- 
suming a large quantity of skins, and thereby 
favorably influencing the value of Angoras fitted 
for slaughter as do the other articles that will, 
when popularized, appeal to a far greater number 
of purchasers and users in all parts of the 
country. 

Robes for baby carriages made from kid skins 
offer great possibilities in this respect, as they 
can be made in a great variety of styles and 
colors. One bidding fair to become very popu- 
lar is now made with an opening or pocket ad- 
mitting of the complete covering of the child, 
yet providing an opening which can be folded 
away from the face, or closed very snugly 
around the neck if so desired. Still other arti- 
cles that promise to enjoy general popularity 
are the inexpensive children's and misses' furs 
made from Angora skins into scarfs and muffs 
that are admittedly much superior in durability 
to Thibet and equally as attractive. 



30 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



As it is well known that mohair does not soil 
readily and is remarkably peculiar in this re- 
spect, fear that white Angora rugs, robes and 
furs will soon soil and become unattractive from 
even most careful use should not be entertained. 
Should they become soiled, they can be readily 



and easily cleaned without removal from the 
linings. The moth proof properties possessed by 
articles made from properly tanned Angora 
skins offer still another peculiarity in favor of 
the eventual general popularity of these Angora 
products. 



The Intere^ of the Agricultural Press in the 

Angora Industry 



By C. D. Minton, Editor Oregon Agriculturist. 



The Agricultural Press of this great North- 
west has a vital interest in the Angora in- 
dustry. 

We, of the Northwest, have become ac- 
customed to look upon the Angora as a valuable 
adjunct to every farmer. 

The reasons for this are varied and manifold. 
When we start to the pasture to bring the 
horses, sheep or swine to the barns we are al- 
most invariably accompanied by a Collie dog 
of some degree of fine Collie sense. We may 
ask why is this? 

Two reasons may be assigned. Man is a 
creature of association or companionship; he is 
also a creature addicted to allowing others to 
do what he might do himself. For these two 
reasons he owns and cares for a Collie. Com- 
panionship and a willingness of the dog to per- 
form labors that the owner finds irksome or 
impossible. He says to his Collie, "bring them 
up, Shep," and immediately Shep proceeds to 
round up the stock and drive them to the barn 
which if left to the labor of the men would take 
them several hours. 

So it is with the Angora. Most of us who 
have had experience in grubbing land, and that 
includes the speaker, can find more congenial 
occupations and are not loath to turn this work 
over to others. With this in view we purchase 
a band of Angoras to eat the brush as it starts 
to grow, to eat the sprouts that come up from 
the stumps of trees that have been cut down. 



and allow the sap to sour in the roots, hastening 
the decay so that they will be more easily 
burned out or taken out with a stump puller. 

Again, our fields are filled with noxious 
weeds. It is impossible to pull them, and it 
being pasture land, we cannot plow it. The 
Angora is again turned upon this pasture, and 
shortly the weeds disappear owing to the desire 
of the Angora for a coarser food than the 
succulent grass affords. With the disappearance 
of the weeds comes more grass for the cow, 
which means more milk and butter, more beef 
with no more expense and a better looking 
farm, which means more valuable land. 

With the steady growth of the country only 
can the agricultural press prosper, and along 
with its prosperity comes a duty that it must 
perform in aiding the farmer to plan and ex- 
ecute his work better, to furnisn him reliable 
information that will tend to build for him 
better homes and make for him, if possible, a 
better income from the acres which he owns. 

How better can he do this than to tell the 
truth, and only the truth about this, one of 
the most faithful and hard working friends of 
the farmer and stock raiser. There is, perhaps, 
no other animal on the farm that can do so 
much for the farmer as the Angora. There 
is no other animal that is so far reaching in 
all branches of the farm life as this pure white 
four footed friend. As a kid, he becomes a 
playmate for our children. As a grownup, he 



31 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 

becomes an assistant to the farmer by doing his the side of our bed as we arise of a cold morn- 
hardest drudgery, as a helpmate for the dairy- ing and place our feet upon it. 
man he eats the weeds and allows more grass And through all this time he has been fur- 
to grow to provide butter-fat for the creamery, nishing us with a steady income each year 
and when he becomes old, too old to work, so from his fleece of mohair which he annually 




C. D. Minton. 



old in fact, that his teeth drop out, still with a 
little extra gram ration he makes delectable 
Angora venison and his pelt nicely tanned be- 
comes a thing of beauty when laying upon the 
hearthstone or an article of comfort when by 



yields. All of these things the agricultural 
press are mterested m, and many more. There 
IS perhaps not a subject with which the press, 
especially of the Northwest and other newer 
centers, has to deal but what has a direct con- 



32 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



nection with the Angora industry. If the 
owner of the farm has not become a purchaser 
of a band of Angoras, it is his loss. If the 
press have neglected the Angora industry, they 
have failed to impart much useful information 
to their readers and have not come up to their 
possibilities as agricultural papers. 

The Angora is becoming more fixed with us 
each day. Starting in with us when we start 
to build the farm, and we say build advisedly, 
he IS with us even to the furnishing of our 
homes and his hair is manufactured into the 
finest of fabrics for our wear. We predict for 
the Angora the greatest of futures and wider 
interest in the agricultural press. 



[No industry succeeds to a great extent with- 
out the publicity and encouragement of some 
publication. In this regard the Oregon Agri- 
culturist has been a potent factor in building 
up the Angora industry. For years, under its 
former editor, H. M. Williamson, it was prac- 
tically the only organ of the goatmen, and 
it is no less so today, under the present editor- 
ship of Mr. C. D Minton, whose cut accom- 
panies this article. The great strides that this 
industry has made and the great popularity 
that has come to the Angora has been at all 
times ably assisted by this medium. 

Secretary.] 




Pasha Columbia 



33 



^71 [pml (mi 



(c^^(L^j ] \g^ \&Sinr\ 



^^ZllS^ 



a 



y 



ID 



In looking over the Angora field 
in the Northwest, it is interesting to 
notice those who have contributed 
to the upbuilding of the industry and 
who have been the means of placing 
the business on the high level to 
which it has attained. 

In covering the field and in writ- 
ing up the situation as we now find 
it, we do not think that we can do 
better than to interview these gentle- 
men and have a look at their flocks. 
These men are representative of the 
class now found doing business here 
and who have made a success of it. 









Wm. Riddells & Sons, Monmouth, Ore. 




James Riddells 
Their start in the Aneora business was in 



a part of the Shaw flock originally imported to 
Oregon by Colonel Landrum. They con- 
tinued to use bucks of the Landrum strain in 
this flock till the year 1902, when they got 
possession of the Harris tlock of pure bred 
Turkish Angoras, and began to use bucks from 
the latter flock on their original flock. 

The bucks from the Harris flock made a 
big improvement in the kids and were used ex- 
clusively as sires up to 1 904, when they pur- 
chased a buck from the Hoerle importation and 
used him and a Harris buck that year. This 
buck, "Hobson," has proved himself to be a 
grand sire and has undoubtedly sired more prize 
winners than any buck ever used on this conti- 
nent. His get are very much alike and keep 
the crimp in their mohair till well along in 



the year 1891, from a purchase they made of years, something very unusual. In 1906 they 




Champion Angora Doe at the Northwest Angora Goat Show, Portland, Oregon, Jan. 4-7, 1911, belonging 

to Wm. Riddells & Sons, Monmouth, Oregon. 



Pbolo b\) Alva L. McDonald] 



[Courtesy Oregon Agriculturist 



35 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORT-HWEST 



purchased another South African buck. King 
Arthur II, the highest priced buck of the Hoerle 
importation ($600), and used him for two 
years with very good results. He proved him- 
self exceptionally strong as a breeder of non- 
shedders, but not the quality of Hobson's 
breeding. 

For the 1 909 season they bought another 
old buck of the original Hoerle importation, 
''Kaffir Chief," and used him along with Prince 
Arthur, another buck of the King Arthur strain. 
This latter buck proved a very good sire, his 
get having exceptionally long hair and the locks 
being very clean and well defined. 

Kaffir Chief has proved himself to be the 
kind of a buck they have long tried to get hold 
of, being very fine haired, and his kids having 
mohair of that peculiar fineness and soft feel- 
ing characteristic of the pure Turkish mohair, 
just what the mills want. The bucks they have 
sold have always proved themselves strong 



breeders, special care being taken in selecting 
these bucks for quality and fineness of hair and 
freedom from kemp. 

The firm of Wm, Riddells & Sons consists of 
Wm. Riddells, Sr., and seven sons, five of whom 
are seen in the picture on another page. To- 
gether they operate an immense farm situated 
a few miles west of Monmouth, Oregon, that 
beautiful little village, the seat of the Oregon 
State Normal School. James Riddells generally 
takes the lead in handling the Angoras, but he 
is ably assisted on the fair circuit — a thing they 
never miss — by Dave and John Riddells. They 
have won the American Angora Goat Breeders' 
Association cup for several years at the Oregon 
and Washington State fairs, and won the grand 
championship at the recent Angora show held 
in Portland. They have probably stocked more 
farms with bucks in the Norttiwest than any 
other breeder in the business. By a careful 
study of type and breeding they have developed 




'We know that we are having our pictures taken." 



Pholo b^ Ed. Riddells 



36 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



a decided "Riddells" strain, and this strain can 
be found in every nook and cranny of this 
great country. 

The large, old fashioned but commodious 
homestead lies back from the road somewhat, 
but is easily seen from a distance. Visitors are 
always made to feel at home, and one of the 
"boys" will always be ready to show you 



around and afford you an opportunity of see- 
ing their pride, their Angoras. 

They are leading members in the Northwest 
Association. Wm. Riddells, Sr., is vice-presi- 
dent and member of the board of directors of 
the National Mohair Growers' Association, and 
is one of the veteran members of the American 
Angora Goat Breeders' Association. 



n 




37 



U. S. Grant, a Breeder of Pure Bred Reg- 

i^ered Angoras 




The celebrated buck "Sanford, " named after Sanford 
Mills, at head of U. S. Grant's flock. Grand 
Champion Eighth Annual Angora Show at Dallas. 



Among the Oregon breeders who have 
achieved a national reputation the name and 
fame of U. S. Grant stands out prominently. 
He has been connected with the mohair industry 
locally and nationally ever since its inception. 
In season and out, in dull times and in good, 
he has preached the gospel of Angora culture, 
and in doing so has crossed the continent many 
times. He first began to "preach" when he 
discovered the marvelous value there was in the 
Angora goat as a "brush cleaner," and in that 
section of the country where he iived (Polk 
county) in an early day there was a super- 
fluity of brush and undergrowth that eternally 
and persistently hampered the settler in making 
any headway in the hewing out process of mak- 
ing himself a home. To look at that region 
today one would nevtr i^uess that these smooth, 
clean farms, set out to prune trees and all man- 
ner of fruit, was at that time a wilderness of 



brush and fern. Yet such it was, and then it 
was that Mr. Grant began his campaign of 
education. That he was successful and con- 
A erted many is proven by the fact that Polk 
count)'' today is the leading Angora county in 
the West, in the number of Angoras and also 
the number of pure blooded Angora breeders 
there. 

He soon recognized also that "quality" ex- 
isted in Angoras as well as any other animal, 
and that good mohair could be grown as cheaply 
as poor stuff. Hence he set himself to building 
up a strain that would be the equal of any in 
the United .states. He succeeded and his fam- 
ous buck "Sanford," named after Sanford 
Mills, represented the acme of perfection in an 
Angora goat. 

"Sanford" was the champion South African 
buck at the eighth annual Angora goat show 
at Dallas. One of his get was the champion 



38 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



of the ninth annual show. Sanford is noted for 
his luster and freeness from kemp. Also for the 
size of his offspring. The entire flock, how- 
ever, is strong in South African blood. 

He makes it a rule to keep nothing but regis- 
tered stock, and by sending a guarantee out 
with every buck sold he has established a repu- 
tation second to none in America. He has 
shipped a large number of animals east, south 
and north, and his operations on the west have 
only been checked by the obstinacy of the roll- 
ing Pacific. 

Only recently he shipped a number to Mr. 
H. G. Hunter of Moreland Stock tarm, Han- 



over county, Virginia. They were entered in 
every class they could compete in at the Vir- 
ginia State fair and won first in everything they 
were entered in, besides both championships and 
reserve champions. 

Mr. Grant was a leading factor in organ- 
izmg the National Mohair Growers' Associa- 
tion, which has a membership of over 500 in 
the United States. He is one of the selling 
committee, a member of the board of directors, 
and president of the association, and a self- 
appointed member of a committee of one to 
look after and euard the monair business. 



A. M. Gray 



An Amateur with Professional Ability as a Showman. 




The recent show was the first show for Mr. 
Gray, and he stated afterwards that he had 
hsd some hesitancy in making his bow to the 
public as an exhibitor. However, after ll.e ice 
was broken he found that he had done well. 
The experience of Mr. Gray should be an in- 
centive to others who are in the Angora busi- 
ness to take a little more interest in exhibits. 



The ease with which this flock won shows the 
splendid opportunity for success in Angora cul- 
ture in this country, as fully evidenced in the 
various accounts of conditions recounted m an- 
other part of this booklet. Mr. Gray has been 
in the business for a number of years, but did 
not take up the registered stock end of business 
until recently, as compared with some of the 
veteran breeders. He started right, however, 
by getting some of the best bucks that could be 
obtained, and by intelligent breeding and strict 
attention to detail he has produced a flock that 
in the recent show got into the winnings twice 
and won the special cup offered by the Pacific 
Homestead for best Angora goat exhibited by 
an amateur. 

Mr. Gray lives up the St. Marys River 
about three miles southwest of Philomath, in 
the edge of the foothills, and there is building 
up a flock that in only a short time will be the 
pride of the country around old historic St. 
Mary's Peak. 



39 



Guthrie Bros. 




Guthrie Bros., who have made a phenomenal success 
in the Angora Business. 

A few years ago a mention of Guthrie Bros, 
would have awakened no interest in the reading 



pubhc. Today it is different. These boys 
have a large farm about three miles southwest 
of Dallas on the Salem and Falls City Rail- 
road. A few years ago they went into the 
Angora business. 

They had ideal range, plenty of water and 
a superabundance of brush, and with a start 
from the Riddells flock of Monmouth they 
have gone steadily onward, with the result that 
for two years they won the prize for the cham- 
pion buck at Portland and Salem, and this year 
won first prize in aged buck class. In fact, 
they broke into most of the classes at the recent 
show, and in most cases got into the money. 
Since starting in the business they have sold a 
number of bucks for breeding purposes, and 
they have not shipped one but what has given 
entire satisfaction to the purchaser. TWu is all 
the more remarkable when it is remembered 
that the average breeder in the Northwest is 
pretty well versed on the fine points which a 
buck should have. One of the pictures shown 
was taken at the Oregon State Fair in 1910, 
and the other one at the recent Angora show at 
the Armory, Portland. 




Elmer Guthrie and two of his prize winners at the 1911 Show at Portland. 



41 



C. B. Gui 



uinn 



In calling attention to the Angora goat in- 
dustry we can not state or express anything that 
will add anything to what Mr. Guinn has 
favored us with in the following article. We 
deem it of such value that we will quote Mr. 
Guinn throughout. Oakland, Oregon, has re- 
ceived some very good advertismg because of 
his operations, and as the conditions there are 
ideal for all manner of stock, Mr. Gumn's ex- 
perience will be of unusual interest. He is an 
active member of the local "Boosting Club," a 
member of the board of directors of the North- 
west Angora Goat Association, and a gentle- 
man worth while to meet. He says: 

"I moved on the farm in 1903. After a 



year I bought a small flock of grade does which 
looked good to me at that time. In the spring 
they sheared three pounds each. I went to the 
State fair and saw how much better the regis- 
tered Angoras were ; came home, sold my 
grades, and bought some pure breds of South 
African strain. Since then I have bought the 
best bucks I could buy. Last spring my entire 
flock of 200 head, does, kids, wethers and 
bucks, averaged five and one-quarter pounds. 
Some of my bucks sheared eleven and one- 
quarter pounds, and I have several does that 
shear nine pounds and better. 

"But there are points that are more impor- 
tant than weight — freeness from kemp, fineness 
and luster. I think it is possible for us to have 




The two-year-old Doe, belonging to C. B. Guinn, that was the sensation at the First Annual Show, Portland, 
1911. She won the Multnomah Mohair Mills Cup for carrying the finest fleece. The scoring was done 
as follows: Freedom from kemp, 40 per cent.; fineness, 30 per cent.; lustre, 20 per cent.; weight, 10 per 
cent. She scored 96 out of the 100. She comes of the Riddells strain and was shown by the latter at the 
A. Y. P. E. at Seattle, 1910, where she was champion. 



42 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 




goats that will grow hair that will make dress 
goods that will be difficult to detect from silk. 
I am sure our home market, our Portland mills, 
will pay enough more for our hair if it has the 
three points named above, to more than make 
up for what little it may lack in weight. I am 



sure the best pays the best. So, brother goat 
men, let us keep striving for better Angoras." 

It was to this flock the sensational doe be- 
longed that took the Multnomah Mohair Mills 
cup at the recent show, scoring 96 out of a 
possible 100. 



Herman Metzger Sees Big Future in the 

Mohair Indu^ry 



An interesting side light into the industry is 
furnished by a glance by the career of Herman 
Metzger. It was in 1876 when a representa- 
tive of the Sanford Mills of Saaford, Maine, 
was in Portland and called on this firm and 
noticed some bales of mohair in the warehouse 
and asked what they did with it. He was in- 
formed that most anything was done with it in 
order to get rid of it, as at that time it was 
not considered of much value. This gentleman 
instructed Mr. Metzger to forward all that he 



could obtain to the mills, and he would see that 
he would realize a profit on it. 

This was probably the birth of the mohair 
industry in the Northwest. Seeing that the 
country offered unlimited means for the success- 
ful propagation of the industry, Mr. Metzger 
went out into the country and gave much en- 
couragement to the farmers to improve and en- 
large their flocks. 

He took a lively interest in the improvement 
of stock and encouraged registration as a means 
to that end. 



43 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



He saw the flocks that were imported from 
Cahfornia by Cantrell and later by Mr. Lan- 
drum in the early '70s, and saw the vast differ- 
ence that existed between the natives and the 
imported ones. He posted himslf on the breeds 
as found in Angora, in Asia Minor, and South 
Africa, and instructed the growers how to breed 
up and in the care and management of flocks. 

From the nucleus thus started by the gentle- 
men mentioned he has seen the business grow 
from a matter of a few dollars to the present 
magnitude, having a money value of nearly a 
million dollars. 

Mr. Metzger talks entertainingly of the times 
past, when he saw the industry grow and flour- 
ish. In all that time he has seen the proverbial 
seven fat and lean years. It must be said, how- 
ever, that Mr. Metzger's interest never flagged, 
for in the times past he has seen prices drop to 
a low level, so low, in fact, that the industry 
was threatened with extinction. However, his 
philosophy was not to "kill the goose that laid 



the golden egg, " and it is a matter of record 
that he paid during these lean years a price that 
enabled the grower to keep on doing busmess 
until the pinch was over. 

Thus it may be said that through times of 
great adversity and through periods of affluence, 
Mr. Metzger has stood by his guns, and through 
it all has shown his unfailing faith in an indus- 
try that has contributed largely to the upbuilding 
of the livestock industry of the great Northwest. 
He believes in the future of the Angora and mo- 
hair husbandry, and after nearly a quarter of a 
century of experience during which he has be- 
come acquainted with conditions both in this 
country and foreign lands, he says that without 
any hesitancy that this is the greatest section of 
the world for the successful culture of Angora 
goats. 

Mr. Metzger is now getting along in years 
and has turned a great deal of the heavy bur- 
dens of his large business over to his son, Mr. 
Henry W. Metzger, who has taken a great in- 
terest in the work which his father has fostered. 



C. H. Cannon, A Noted Angora Breeder 




The Celebrated Angora, "Grandpa Hobson," belonging 
to C. H. Cannon, of Turner, Oregon. 



All over the Northwest stock will be found 
that has been purchased of C. H. Cannon of 
Turner, Oregon. Mr. Cannon has been breed- 
ing Angoras ever since they were brought into 
the country and in that time has learned enough 
about them that he may well be called an expert. 
In mentioning this gentleman our object is to 
refer any who would desire any special in- 
formation to write him. This flock is now 
headed by Imp. "Grandpa" Hobson, one of the 
best of the Hoerle importation. 

This flock is noted for its constitutional vigor, 
freedom from kemp and heavy shearing. Owing 
to the fact that "Grandpa Hobson" has been on 
the place for some time, Mr. Cannon will soon 
have to part with him. 

Parties desirous of having some first-hand 
information pertaining to Angora culture can do 
no better than write Mr. Cannon. 



44 



(( 



Oak Knoll Farm 



fi 



i?, 



i I 



f t 




^ .Mtt-t,.^ 



^.rr:?,^ 



One of the two Lady Breeders of Angoras in the 
United States, Mrs. W. J. Farley, of Dallas, 
Oregon, taken with two of her beauties, Prensoelte 
and King Arthur, Jr. Taken on the Court House 
grounds at Dallas. 

The exhibit by Mrs. W. J. Farley of Dallas, 
Oregon, at the National Mid-winter Sheep and 
Goat Show at Portland attracted more atten- 



tion than any other, for with one exception she 
is the only woman in the United States who 
makes a business of raising and exhibiting regis- 
tered Angoras. This was Mrs. Farley's initial 
appearance in the show ring, but from the list 
of awards it will be seen that she is raising the 
right kind of stuff and will rapidly assume a 
place among the "tcpnotchers." 

Her farm, "Oak Knoll Farm," near Dallas, 
Oregon, is now the home of about seventy-five 
registered Angora does, and the flock is con- 
sidered one of the finest on the Coast. The 
flock was founded by "Judy," a Harris & Early 
buck, which at that time was the best buck in 
the Northwest and was probably the sire of 
more blue ribbon goats than any buck in the 
United States. 

Her buck, "King Arthur, Jr.," which is at 
the head of her flock, was sired by "King 
Arthur 11" and is a grandson of Imported 
'King Arthur." He was grand champion buck 
on the Northwest Fair Circuit of 1 908. 




Prize winning Doe of Farley & Cline at the Portland Show, 1911. 



45 



Spring Brook Farm 




Thos. W. Brunk, a noted Angora goat judge and 
breeder. 



The gentleman whose photograph is found 
on this page needs no introduction to Angora 
breeders in the Northwest, and very httle to 
any in the United States. 

Mr. Thos. W. Brunk has been identified 
with the Angora and livestock industry of the 
Northwest for twenty years or more, and in 
that time he has built up a reputation as a 
breeder and judge second to none in the entire 
country. Mr. Brunk is a lover of fine stock and 
has never had any other than registered animals. 
He is numbered among the pioneers in the 
business, and as a judge of Angora goats he 
has traveled the Coast country thoroughly, and 
in that time must have placed, in his official 
capacity, enough ribbons to have put a band 
around the country of the Northwest represented 
by Oregon, Washington and Idaho. The 
colors in this band would not be all blue, how- 
ever, as Mr. Brunk is a most discriminating 



judge and has never been known to place a blue 
where a red would have fitted the candidate 
better. 

Many a would-be Angora aristocrat has had 
to take a place down the line when the eye 
of Judge Brunk fell on him, but this, however, 
has had a good effect on the industry in that the 
"undesirables" have been successfully weeded 
out and relegated to the Angora junk shop. 
Thus the standard has been continually raised, 
which accounts for the extraordinarily fine ex- 
amples of the animal found here in the North- 
west. 

Naturally, Mr. Brunk, knowing the fine 
points of an animal, has used his knowledge in 
his own flock, with the inevitable result that the 
Spring Brook flock is at the top in point of 
excellence. Spring Brook Farm is in Polk 
county, about three miles west of Salem, Ore- 
gon, and is the mecca for stock men and a show 
place for visitors. 



46 



W. J. Warfield in the Alsea Country 




W. J. Warfield.— Mr. Warfield can tell all about 
conditions on the Coast Country, where he has 
been most successful in the Angora Business. 

At the eighth annual show at Dallas m 1907 
there was a gentleman who occasioned a great 
deal of interest owing to the fact that in coming 
sixty miles across the mountains he had, and 
would in returning home, consume more time 
than would the secretary, Mr. Fulton, who had 
come all the way out from Helena, Montana. 
This was W. J. Warfield, and he lives away 
over in the Alsea country on the Coast. How- 
ever, a railroad is building that way, and it 
will only be a short time until the distance will 
be quickly traveled and the country settled with 
home builders. This is a great and growing 
country, and one that will, when the road ar- 
rives, be one of the finest stock raising sections 
of Oregon, on account of the moisture and 
equable climate. 

Owing to the thick and luxuriant growth of 
brush, ferns and foliage of all descriptions, it 
has always been considered a veritable "goat 
heaven." Stock practically require no feeding 



during the year, going out each day and par- 
taking plentifully of the native growths. When 
once cleared up, the lands have more than 
doubled in value, for there is no more produc- 
tive land in the West. No one can tell a story 
as well as the man acquainted with the facts, so 
we have incorporated this account in his own 
words: 

"Oscar Tom had been in the Angora busi- 
ness about twenty-eight years when I bought 
from him. He had used bucks from such men 
as Harris, Landrum and Bailey. 

"He had spent as much money as any one 
in the State to breed them up. He did not 
care for expense so long as he could get a goat 
that suited him. 

"The last few years he kept them he was 
getting too old to look after them properly, with 
the other work he had to do, and wild animals 
got among them and killed a great many. So 
he decided to sell the registered ones to me. 
After I had used the $65 buck for two years 
I decided he was not good enough, so I sent 
to Landrum for one of his best buck kids and 
used him. two years, and then bought a South 
African, 'Hobson's Choice,' from Taylor & 
Lockwood, and paid $500 for him and used 
him two years. I now have a South African 
buck from Taylor & Lockwood that they were 
using on their own flock. 

"I have sold $935 worth of mohair and goats 
this year, not including long mohair, as I have 
not sold it yet, and I have ninety-five head of 
Angoras left. 

"There are thousands of acres of vacant land 
in the mountains in Alsea that were burnt off 
fifty years ago, and there are all kinds of small 
brush, thimble berries, briar?, wild rye grass and 
fern on it. It is the ideal place for range goats. 
Much of this land can be homesteaded. 

"I am breeding my Angoras for good con- 
stitution, good covering, good luster, and as free 
from kemp as possible." 

We do not think that the true situation con- 
cerning the Angora industry has been so clearly 
put as in the foregoing. 



47 



Toggenburg Milch Goats 

By Albert Teal, Dallas, Oregon. 




A "Toggenburg" belonging to Albert Teal. 

While the question of "Tuberculosis" and "Sanitation," 
"Balanced Rations" and Politics" are playing 
havoc with the dairy interests, Ye Toggenburg 
takes no interest whatsoever, but quietly and unos- 
tentatiously goes about her business and gives milk 
all the while. 

These goats are scarce in the West and con- 
sequently bring an unusually high price. De- 
spite this they are sold as rapidly as they can 
be grown. This particular flock has been at 
Dallas for eight years. Mr. Teal has pur- 
chased goats from all who had good ones to 
sell. He says that in order to get quality one 
must needs exercise a great deal of discrimma- 
tion, as the types of milch goats are as various 



as those of the sister breed, the Angora. Mr. 
Teal says: 

"Two years ago I bought three Toggenburg 
goats, two does and one buck, and crossed all 
of my scrub stock, and I am now getting a 
herd of three-quarter Toggenburgs. They do 
fine in this part of the country. My ranch is 
two miles south of Falls City, Oregon ; elevation 
1,000 feet. It is part brush, and I find that 
they brouse the same as Angoras. I also find 
that they give more and better milk on grass 
and bran. I have two half-breed Toggenburg 
does, first kid. The 1 4th of this month they 
gave three pints. Now they will easily give two 
quarts. I like the business very much, now that 
I have got started right." 

The picture shows a half Toggenburg doe, 
two months after kidding. She was giving two 
quarts at this time. The Toggenburg gives as 
high as four and a half quarts at a milking, 
the milk being more valuable for infants as it is 
easily digested and is pronounced by many as 
being entirely free from tubercular germs. The 
goat itself is supposed to be immune from the 
disease. 

Mr. Teal has fifty head and is saving up all 
his does to increase his herd. 




A type of the Warfield Stock. 



48 



$1,000,000 for Oregon Mohair 











'^ # 











Wm. Brown is probably the best known mohair 
buyer in the State of Oregon, having bought a 
large part of the clip for the last twenty years, 
and having been actively interested at all times 
in bettering the condition of the hair and the 
breed ol the goat. 

It is estimated that more than $1,000,000 
in cash has been paid to mohair raisers in this 
state by Mr. Brown since he began handling 
the haif. It is also a fact that Mr. Brown 
has never handled anything but "Oregon hair," 
and by systematic advertising and square deal- 
ing he has established an enviable reputation 
with growers and manufacturers as well. 

Mr. Brown has offered the growers some 
good advice in the following article which he 
is publishing in the newspapers. 

"Very much depends on you, and the way 
you shear and pack your mohair will determine 



to a great extent what you will receive for it. 
The Oregon clip is considered as a whole by 
the manufacturer rather than the individual 
clips, and if you all take pains in packing your 
mohair you will raise the standard of the clip 
for the entire state, and we shall surely see 
better prices as a result. 

"Be sure that your shearing pens are clean 
before you put the goats in ; sweep off the plat- 
forms carefully and see that no straw or dirt 
of any kina gets into the hair; pack all tags 
and stained locks separately, and be sure that 
your goats are absolutely dry before shearing. 
Damp mohair will spoil m the bags. Put your 
hair in a neat white bag, which adds to its ap- 
pearance. If all would follow these simple 
suggestions closely we could easily raise our 
standard for the clip and realize better prices." 



49 



Angora Goats for Profit for Over Twenty Years 




Geo. Houck. 



Among the men who have been interested in 
the Angora goat business on a large scale we 
find George A. Houck of Portland and Omer 
E. Trout of Monroe. Mr. Houck started in 
business m I 889 with a band that was bred up 
by Ari Cantrell from stock that came from the 
Butterfield flock in California in the early '70s. 

New blood was added regardless of expense, 
even durmg the dull times, the constant aim 
being to get a better fiber on a good frame, 
fitted to stand the conditions of ordinary range. 

The fact that the entire clip has been sold 
for several years to the same factory at fancy 
prices shows that it has paid to build up the 
quality. 

During the last twelve years Mr. Trout has 
been interested with Mr. Houck, and the flock 
has ranged from 1,000 to 2,000 head. 

During that time they have sold carload ship- 



ments of good grades to Washington, Montana 
and Canada, and to many parts of Oregon, be- 
sides many smaller shipments of registered 
stock, some of which have formed the founda- 
tion for prize winners. During the past few 
years they have handled choice grades of 
mohair of known quality, but have never en- 
tered the field for the inferior grades. 

Mr. Houck says that if there had never been 
a cent of profit from the mohair or the goats 
themselves, the increased value of the land 
cleared by them would be a handsome profit on 
the investment. He also says that the field for 
profit in the business is much better than when 
he commenced, because the beginner has the ex- 
perience of others as a guide. 

The only advice that he will give is "Get 
good blood, no matter what the cost, and don't 
starve it." 



50 



What a Buyer Thinks of the Mohair Trade 




Bernheim, "The Mohair Buyer," and two very inter- 
ested parties in Angora Culture. 



Mr. Theo. Bernheim of 247 Ash street, 
Portland, has been in the buying business for 
thirty years and states that at no time has he 
seen it have a better outlook than at present. 
The firm of Bernheim & Co. has been a large 
handler of the staple for so many years here 
that expressions of this sort carry much weight. 
Mr. Bernheim says we should go back up into 
the hills here and put a band of Angoras at 
work in clearing up. "You fellows produce 
the hair. We will buy it. You have seen how 
the price has advanced, slowly but surely, in 
the last few years. One great drawback is that 
you have failed to keep the quality up while 
you have been increasing the clip. Grow more 
mohair, but don't let the quality run down. " 

This is good advice, and it is the advice of 
all those connected with the industry who are 
in a position to know anything about it. Mr. 
Bernheim is not only well posted in mohair mat- 
ters, but knows how to take care of Angoras 
and can give much valuable advice to any who 
will write him in regard to his experience. New- 
comers in Portland should call on Mr. Bern- 
heim if interested in goats or mohair. 




"Just Kids." Scene on Ed. Naylor's Farm, Forest Grove, Oregon. 



51 



Multnomah Mohair Mills 



The entrance of the Muhnomah Mohair 
Mills into the local field has had a decided 
effect on the mohair business. While buyers 
have not been lacking in the Northwest, the 
manufacturing end has been confined to the 
East. Much of the mohair is still shipped 
there. However, the mills being established 



from Liverpool and Bradford, England. The 
heavy looms and other machinery necessary to 
a business of this magnitude were shipped 
around Cape Horn and installed in the factory, 
where all arrangements had been made. The 
mills now turn out a variety of cloths of so 
many and various grades that they are now 




The building on the left is the Weave Shed, containing the Looms. In the center is the Warehouse, back 
of it (not showing) is the Power House, and in the distance the Chemical Warehouse. The "L" shaped 
building contains the Combs, Preparers, Spinning Frames, Finishing Machinery, etc. Attention is called to 
the main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, in the extreme left, and our private side track leading 
from it. 

here are beginning to make inroads on the an- going into the market for all grades of mohair, 

nual output, and it is thought that it will be a thing which in its early infancy they were 

only a short time until the demand will over- unable to do. 

balance the production. The demand is for the best clip, and as the 

These mills are equipped with all the latest uses of mohair goods become more popular and 

machinery, having imported most of it direct insistent this demand will increase, as where 



52 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



there is one grade of cloth made of kempy 
mohair, there are a dozen calls for the finest. 

Out at Sellwood, where the mills are located, 
a scene of great activity is present, and the 
humming of the busy machinery adds materially 
to the hustle and bustle of the manufacturing 
side of Portland. 

These people are going to make a strong 
bid for the Northwest business. The intentions 



Mr. Young informs us that upon the receipt 
of shipments they will forward to the shipper 
their check. If upon receipt of the check the 
shipper is not satisfied with the price, they can 
in ten days notify them to that effect and they 
will hold the shipment for thirty days, and will 
then forward it to any other place you wish to 
send it, making no charges for warehousing, 
etc., and will only expect a refund of the 




The above shows a corner of the Preparing and Combing Department, the Noble Comb in the foreground 
being the only one west of the Mississippi River, and one of the most interesting machines in the mills. 



and purposes of the company are to handle the 
very best grades of mohair, and to get it they 
are willing to bid high for it. All mohair arriv- 
ing at the mills will be graded, and they figure 
that they can make a better offer for it than 
any mill in the United States, because of the when in the city, 
short haul in transportation. 



freight charges which they will have paid. Their 
railroad spur and yards are at Willsburg on the 
Southern Pacific, and their city offices are at 
71 I and 713 Couch building, Portland, where 
they will be glad to meet all mohair producers 



53 



The Northwe^ Angora Goat Association's 
Fir^ Annual Convention and Show 



The Imperial hotel was overrun January 6 
and 7, in Portland, with Ladies and Knights 
of the Angora cult. Bits of mohair, to which 
were attached ribbons of gay colors, bearing an 
inscription which heralded to the world that the 
wearer was a member of the Angora Associa- 
tion, were in evidence at every angle of the 
large hotel, and when all were assembled in 
room 209 there was just room for the speakers 
to hold sway. 

Present were men representative of all 
branches of the industry. Pioneers, who, like 
Riddell & Sons, J. R. Springer, J. B. Stump, 
U. S. Grant, etc., who sat with elbows touching 
with the younger breeders, such as Guthrie 
Bros., C. B. Guinn, A. M. Gray, Cline & 
Farley, etc. On the speaker's platform were 
such noted men as Byron Hunter, of the agricul- 
tural department, Washington, D. C. ; Jno. W. 
Fulton, president of the American Angora Goat 
Association; A. B. Rintaul, of the Multnomah 
Mohair Mills, Portland; U. S. Grant, president 
of the National Mohair Association; D. O. 
Lively, of the Union Stocks Yards, Portland, 
and C. D. Minton, editor of the Oregon Agri- 
culturist, Portland; Dr. Lytle, State Veteri- 
narian of Oregon; Prof. McDonald, of the De- 
partment of Animal Husbandry, Pullman, 
Washington, and Frank Meredith, secretary 
Oregon State Fair Board. 

The papers read and the speeches made were 
long and interesting. During the past year, in 
the life of the Association, there have arisen 
many important problems, and these were 
brought into the convention for the purpose of 
arriving at some conclusions in regard to them. 
Probably chief among these is the question of 
properly utilizing our logged-off and waste lands. 
To the Angora breeder this question does not 
bother him, as he has learned long ago that the 
Angora goat will solve all difficulties so far as 
clearing it and producing a profit at the same 
time. However, this knowledge is not so uni- 
versal as it should be, and in a country where 
there are millions of such acres, most of it adapt- 



able to good grazing and farming purposes, the 
gospel of Angora culture should be more widely 
spread. That the matter was of vital import- 
ance, and that more earnest effort should be put 
forth to acquaint the owners of these tracts, to 
the end that our wild and waste districts be re- 
claimed and increased in value by turning it 
into grass lands and eventually into valuable 
farms, was the earnest sentiment of the con- 
vention. However, it was admitted by many of 
those present that the Angora men had not done 
all that was possible to do. In the future it 
was decided unanimously to take steps to ac- 
quaint the public with facts concerning the in- 
dustry, and as a first step in this direction, it 
was voted to provide funds for the publishing 
of a booklet on the industry in the Northwest 
and giving a report including the papers read 
at this convention. Steps were taken at once 
in regard to this matter, and before the meeting 
had adjourned three-fourths of the amount was 
subscribed. 

The paper, "Utilization of Logged-off Lands 
for Pasture Purposes, " by Byron Hunter, was 
of especial value to those present who had never 
given this phase of the question any particular 
thought. D. O. Lively followed by showing 
the value of stock raising on these same waste 
lands after they had once been cleaned and 
cleared off. J. R. Springer told of the prac- 
tical side of the business, drawing on his own 
fund of practical experience. He showed sam- 
ples of over 30 varieties of brush that were a 
delicacy to Angoras, but were a nuisance on a 
new farm. He showed that a man could en- 
gage in the business for two reasons, to clean his 
land, or grow them for the profit from the mo- 
hair, but the ideal situation was found when 
they were raised for both purposes. 

On Saturday, the convention, after hearing 
U. S. Grant on "The National Mohair Asso- 
ciation," got down to business matters. An ex- 
change department was established for the pur- 
pose of listing animals for sale, so that buyers 
may through this agency find what they need, 
and empowering the secretary to act in an of- 



54 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



ficial manner between buyer and seller, and to 
generally facilitate this end of the business. 

Those wishing to do so, may also Hst their 
mohair. This department is expected to oper- 
ate towards gettmg those interested closer to- 
gether. 

Ringing resolutions were adopted dealing 
with the tariff on mohair. It being the senti- 
ment that the rate on the "raw" product was not 
fair to the grower; that if there was a tariff of 
1 2 cents on wool, that on mohair should at 
least equal three times that amount. 

Condolences were sent to E. L. Naylor, who, 
on account of an assassm's bullet, was mca- 
pacitated and unable to attend. i hanks were 
also extended to Wm. Riddell & Sons, Mrs. 
W. J. Farley, American Angora Goat Asso- 
ciation, the Multnomah Mohair Mills, L. Le- 
vussove, the Angora Rug Co., of Salem, the 
Oregon Agriculturist and Pacific Homestead 
for the valuable and beautiful premiums offered 
as specials. 

The annual election of officers then took 
place and the following were elected: 

President, E. A. Rhoten, Salem, Oregon; 
Vice-President, E. L. Naylor, Forest Grove, 
Oregon ; Secretary-Treasurer, Alva L. McDon- 
ald, Portland, Oregon. 

Board of Directors— G. W. McBee, Dallas, 
Oregon; C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Oregon; J. 
Hanks, Ellensburg, Washington, and W. C. 
Harkness, Oroflno, Idaho. 

The meeting was then adjourned to meet 
again at Salem during the week of the State 
Fair. 

In the show ring at the Armory were seen, 
without question, the finest among the Angora 
aristocrats. The exhibitors were: Wm. Riddell 
& Sons, Monmouth, Ore. ; J. B. Stump, Mon- 
mouth, Ore.; Guthrie Bros., Dallas, Ore.; Mrs. 
W. J. Farley, Dallas, Ore. ; C. B. Guinn, Oak- 
land, Ore.; A. M. Gray, Philomath, Ore.; 
J. R. Springer, Holly, Ore., and Albert Teal, 
Dallas, Ore., with milch goats. The judge 
was Thos. Brunk, of Spring Brook Farm, 
Salem, Ore., and we do not believe that there 
was as hard a worked man on the grounds. Mr. 
Brunk is a capital judge and has the happy 
abihty of placing the awards right and keeping 
the boys well satisfied all the time. In some 
classes were all of a kind. Long and earnestly 
the judge worked, alternating between Rid- 
dells and Guthrie Bros, in the kid class, Rid- 



dells finally taking first and second and Guthrie 
Bros, third. In the aged buck class it stood 
between Guthrie Bros, and C. B. Guinn, the 
former's entry took first, which was champion 
last year at Portland and Salem, and Guinn 
took second. 

In the aged doe class there was still closer 
competition. A. M. Gray had a wonderfully 
fine animal. She is well built, strong and vig- 
orous, with fine lines and carries an extraordi- 
nary fine fleece. However, her fleece was not 
up to the one showed by C. B. Guinn, and it 
was therefore awarded first with Gray second. 
This doe eventually turned out to be the sen- 
sation of the show. Among the special pre- 
miums was one offered by the Multnomah Mo- 
hair Mills for the finest two-year-old fleeces, to 
be scored as follows: Freedom from kemp 40 
per cent, fineness 30 per cent, luster 20 per cent, 
weight 1 per cent. 

This prize was probably one of the most 
sought after in the show, as it was the first time 
that an expert grader was brought into the 
ring. This gentleman was Mr. Greenwood 
Bently, grader for the Multnomah Mills, and 
is perhaps one of the best experts on mohair in 
the United States. He was selected for his 
fitness in this respect, and his work was eagerly 
watched by every breeder who could possibly 
be present that day without exception; all of 
the exhibitors had entries, 22 being the total. 
In the minds of all those present there was no 
certainty just where the plum would fall. Back 
and forth down the long line worked Mr. Bently, 
scoring here and cutting there. And when the 
finals were totaled C. B. Guinn owned the ani- 
mal. She scored 96 out of a possible 1 00, 
it being his first prize two-year-old doe. The 
glad hand was at once extended C. B., for all 
the fellows rejoiced with him. The placing of 
this animal we believe will be a criterion to go 
by in the future. 

Mrs. W. J. Farley exhibited a fine pair of 
Angora kids, which were the synosure of many 
eyes when they were led out. She also took 
third on flock. J. B. Stump was out into the 
show ring again after a spell at home, and his 
flock at once drew the attention of many who 
had been familiar with his show in former years. 
Perhaps no one breeder in the West is better 
acquainted or better known that J. B., and 
when the boys gathered around and took a look 



55 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



at his show the general opinion was that J. B. 
was "back again." 

It was a great show and marks an epoch m 
the industry that will have lasting effect. Wm. 
Riddell & Sons carried off the champion buck 
and doe, and this capped what was without 
doubt the most interesting and instructive ex- 
hibition ever yet held. 

Resolutions adopted at the First Annual 
Convention of the Northwest Angora Goat As- 
sociation: 

"In view of the fact that the Portland Com- 
mercial Club has extended every courtesy to this 
Association, and the National Woolgrowers' 
Association has given the meeting and the An- 
gora goat industry great publicity; therefore, be 
it 

"Resolved, That a vote of thanks be ex- 
tended to them for favors given. 

"The American Angora Goat Association, 
through its worthy secretary, John W. Fulton, 
has done all in its power to aid this meeting and 
show, sending a letter of invitation to every 
breeder in the Northwest to attend ; therefore, 
be it 

"Resolved, That a vote of thanks be ex- 
tended to said associaton through its secretary. 

"Resolved, That a vote of thanks be ex- 
tended to the following for special premiums 
offered at the recent show: American Angora 
Goat Breeders' Association, John W. Fulton, 
Multnomah Mohair Mills, L. Levussove, Wm. 
Riddell & Sons, Mrs. W. J. Farley, Oregon 
Agriculturist, Pacific Homestead and the An- 
gora Rug Co. 

"Resolved, That a vote of thanks be ex- 
tended to all those that assisted in the program 
of this meeting. 

"In view of the fact that one of our promi- 
nent members has been stricken by an assassin's 
bullet and we have missed him very much in 
this meeting; therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That we extend Edward L. 
Naylor, vice-president of this Association, our 
sympathy in his misfortune and hope for his 
speedy recovery. 

"In view of the fact that the Oregon State 
Fair has the best livestock exhibit of any fair 
in the West and that more admirers of goats 
and possible customers attend than any other 
fair; therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That the members of this As- 



sociation do all in their power to make the Ore- 
gon State Fair of 1911 the best ever held. 

"Resolved, That we reaffirm our belief in 
the American system of protection and unequiv- 
ocally indorse the application of its principles as 
embodied in the present arrangements of sched- 
ule 'K,' but as applied to mohair we believe 
that there should be a higher tariff on the raw 
material, and recognize that every time depart- 
ure has been made from the principles therein 
contained serious disaster has befallen the in- 
dustry of mohair growing." 

DISPLAY OF MOHAIR PRODUCTS. 

The Association had a display in one corner 
of the great Armory devoted exclusively to 
Angora goat products and mohair goods. 

Chaps and rugs, plushes, etc., were donated 
by the Geo. Lawrence Co., Breyman Leather 
Co. and W. H. McMonies Co. These goods 
were of great educational value in showing the 
size and quality necessary for their make. 

The Multnomah Mohair Mills, under the 
direction of Mr. Jas. Coulton, superintendent, 
had on display mohair cloth alongside the raw 
material, i. e., mohair from the goat's back. 
Various grades of mohair were arranged side 
by side, showing very fine grades and free from 
kemp with goods showing fine in quality and 
finish. These grades ranged down to coarse 
kempy stuff, and the goods made from such 
were likewise coarse and cheap, showing the 
kempy, as no amount of work or dyes will elim- 
inate it. The whole was to show the grower 
why the mills desired the better grades, as the 
demand for their goods was for such and not for 
the coarse cloth. 

Each exhibit was properly tagged and the 
whole constituted a study and was the cause 
of much comment and comparison during the 
week. 

The Angora Rug Co., of Salem, had on dis- 
play eight varieties of rugs made from Angora 
skins, and the Silverfield company had an ex- 
hibit of furs and a line especially for children, 
which was very fine and attracted an unusual 
amount of attention from the ladies and little 
folks. All these goods were from the backs 
of Angoras. 

The following are the awards in full: 

Wm. Riddell & Sons, Monmouth, Ore., 
buck 1 year and under 2, first; buck kid, first 



56 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



and second; doe 2 years and over, third; doe 
1 year and under 2, first; doe kid, first, second 
and third; get of sire, first; pen of four kids, 
first flock, first ; champion buck and champion 
doe. 

C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Ore., buck 2 years 
old and over, second ; doe 2 years old and over, 
first ; doe 1 year old and over, second. 

J. B. Stump, Monmouth, Ore., buck 1 year 
old and under 2, second; buck kid, third. 

Guthrie Bros., Dallas, Ore., buck 2 years 
old and over, first; buck kid, third; get of sire, 
second ; flock, second. 

A. M. Gray, Philomath, Ore., doe 2 years 
old and over, second. 

Mrs. W. J. Farley, Dallas, KJre., get of sire, 
third; four kids, third; flock, third. 

Special premiums offered at the First Annual 
Show of Northwest Angora Goat Association: 

Northwest Angora Goat Association trophy, 
for best exhibit by an amateur (an amateur be- 
ing defined as one that had not showed on the 
Northwest fair circuit for the past two years), 
won by C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Ore. 

Twenty-five-dollar cup given by J. W. Ful- 
ton, secretary of the American Angora Goat 
Association, for best four kids, get of one sire. 



won by Wm. Riddell & Sons, Monmouth, Ore. 

Cash prize by J. W. Fulton for best buck 
kid, first to Wm. Riddell & Sons, second to 
Guthrie Bros., third to Mrs. W. J. Farley. The 
same prize duplicated for best doe Kids going to 
the same parties. 

Levussove cup for best long mohair, won by 
Wm. Riddell & Sons. 

Multnomah Mohair Mills' cup for the high- 
est scoring mohair on animal 2 years old or 
over, considering the length, fineness, luster and 
weight, won by C. B. Guinn, score 96. 

Riddell & Sons offered two $50 doe kids, 
one for best doe kid, one for best buck kid, 
from stock purchased from them; both prizes 
won by Guttirie Bros. 

Pacific Homestead $25 cup for best goat 
won by A. M. Gray, of Philomath, Ore. 

Oregon Agriculturist cash prizes for best 
pair Angoras, won by Wm. Riddell & Sons. 

v^regon Agriculturist cash prizes for best 
buck kid exhibited by an amateur, first to J. B. 
Stump, second to Mrs. W. J. Farley. 

Angora Rug Co., Salem, Ore., $16 goat 
rug for largest Angora, won by Gutnrie Bros. 




57 



Northwe^ Angora Goat Association 



The Association was organized January 9, 
1910. 

As stated in the preamble of the constitution 
adopted, the object of the Association is "To 
promote the industry, to get and hold the breed- 
ers in a position so that a concerted action can 
be taken on those matters affecting the indus- 
try, to secure adequate recognition from our 
state legislature and public officials of our needs. 



to provide for a comprehensive plan of pub- 
licity, to collect statistics and data for the pur- 
pose of disseminating information respecting 
this very profitable branch of the livestock in- 
dustry in the Northwest, to hold Angora goat 
conventions, to hold annually an Angora goat 
exhibition and in general to contribute to the 
prominence of the great Northwest as an An- 
gora goat breeding center. 



INFORMATION BUREAU. 



The Association maintains a bureau for the 
purpose of aiding and assisting those wishing in- 
formation concerning the industry, prices of 
land adaptable to the purpose, prices of stock 
and where they may be obtained, and the mar- 
ketable value of mohair. 



The secretary will at all times be willing to 
give such information to the end that parties in- , 
terested may be made acquainted with condi- * 
tions without bias and without cost. 



EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT. 



The Association has established an Exchange 
Department where members may list their stock 
for sale and parties wishing to purchase stock 
can, by writing the secretary, secure all infor- 
mation obtainable concerning such stock for 



sale. Intending buyers will secure such infor- 
mation and may make his purchases through the 
Department without any cost whatever. Simply 
write to the secretary stating what you want. 



MEMBERSHIP. 



All persons interested in the Angora and mo- 
hair industry are eligible to membership. The 
membership now represents every section of the 
Northwest and represents in money value a sum 
of over one-half million dollars. 



There are no membership fees. The dues are 
50 cents per year. 

ALVA L. McDonald, 

Secretary. 



5S 



Where Cheap Lands Can be Found 




Geo. Martin, who has made cheap lands a sludy — 
particularly the logged-off lands. 

In the perusal of this booklet the reader has 
doubtless become interested in the lands men- 
tioned as adaptable to Angora goat culture or 
lands that are to be had cheaply. When we 
say cheap we do not mean cheap in quality, but 
cheap in price; lands that have all the requisites 
of climate, soil, moisture and location, but ow- 
ing to the difficulty in clearing have remained 
at a low value. These are what we term "cheap 
lands," and they are, when considering their 
agricultural value and the price which they 
command. 

To those who are conversant with the foot- 
hill lands it is a well known fact that they are 
very productive. Many prefer them to valley 
lands. Every known variety of vegetable 
thrives there. Fruit orchards that are now in 
bearing prove their worth, and no dairying 
country in the world is better than the foothills 



of the Willamette valley and the Coast country. 

Why then are these lands so cheap? 

The answer is that immigration has been to- 
wards the low lands where cultivation was easy 
owing to the fact that the breaking up process 
was easy. Hence these lands were taken first, 
but now the eye is turned towards the foothills, 
and to show how these lands may be used is 
only the object of this booklet. 

The lands found in Lincoln v^ounty, Oregon, 
are typical of those found all over the North- 
west, especially so of the western part of Ore- 
gon and Washington. For instance, near 
Toledo, Nashville, Fddyviile and Elk City, on 
the west slope of the Coast Range on the Cor- 
vallis & Eastern railroad, are thousands of very 
fertile acres that today is almost uninhabited. 
The land is rolling but only about ten per cent 
of it is steep. Between these hills are beauti- 
ful valleys, the richness of the soil not sur- 




Wm. Ritchie, a man closely acquainted with the land 
conditions of the Coast Country. 



59 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



passed anywhere in the world. Through these 
valleys trickle numberless streams, murmuring 
their way to the ocean, which is only a short 
distance away. 

The gentle sloping hills that stand back from 
these valleys are rich in value for agricultural 
and grazing purposes. Fruit of all kinds does 
well because of the shelter afforded. Vege- 
tables of every description thrive because of the 
sunny climate which in the springtime is habitual. 

Here is where the Angora goat has proved 
of such inestimable value. These lands at one 
time were covered with a dense growth of mar- 



shadow of a doubt but what they will be in as 
great demand as valley lands. 

Seventy-live per cent of these lands are adapt- 
able to cultivation, of the balance none is too 
steep but that it is ideal for grazing purposes 
when the brush is cleared off, and this is what 
the Angora accomplishes. Because these "57" 
varieties — and there are about this many — of 
brush is his special delicacy and if kept close 
enough to it will clean it thoroughly. 

However, it is possible that 50 per cent of 
this land is not covered with brush owing to the 
fires that have gone through it, and these same 




Aijoras at Work in Lincoln County, near Elk City. These Angoias have Ju^ been Sheared 



ketable timber, but the hand of the woodman 
has laid these noble kings of the forest low and 
commercialism has swept the hillside bare. 
What IS left is the naked land. It is overgrown 
with brush, briars and what is commonly known 
as "second growth." The cost of clearing 
these lands retarded their cultivation until the 
value of the Angora was recognized, and when 
it was these lands began to be in demand, and 
as their value becomes better known and their 
proper utilization is understood, there is no 



fires have eaten out and destroyed the stumps 
that once stood as an obstacle to their cultivation. 
When one considers that centuries have come 
and gone depositing their accumulation of de- 
cayed vegetation and ashes, why should it not 
be rich in productiveness? And these hills and 
glades only await the settler, and all that is 
needed is that the prospective homeseeker will 
stop and consider the advantages thus offered 
before he settles on higher priced lands where 
their value is no greater, and in many instances, 



60 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



not equal to these when once converted to ag- 
ricultural purposes. 

Here every vegetable known to the vegetable 
world will grow, and grow in abundance. And 
last but not least it is pronounced one of the 
greatest bee countries in the United States. This 
IS due to the fact that vine maple and other 
sacharrine producing plants and shrubbery pre- 
dominate. Vine maple is most numerous, and 
as all beekeepers know, is most to be desired in 
bee culture. 

Such, briefly, is the country where we would 
direct the intending homeseeker. 

Railroads already traverse the entire section 
and another one is building. 



This association has no land for sale, but 
will answer all inquiries cheerfully, or parties 
interested may obtain all information by writing 
Wm. Ritchie, of Albany, Oregon, or Geo. 
Martin, 716 Yeon Bldg., Portland, Ore- 
gon. These gentlemen have made a study 
of the foregoing facts and can give expert in- 
formation and data concerning such lands. On 
much of the land there is sufficient timber stand- 
ing to pay for it, selling it as cordwood, and all 
of it has sufficient for fuel for years to come. 
The price ranges from a few dollars up, and 
there is an almost endless variety to select from. 



Varieties of Brush Found in the Northwe^ 



The following is a list of the various shrubs, 
varieties of brush and bushes that goes to make 
up the brush family in the Northwest that are a 
a nuisance to the farmer and stock raiser, but a 
delicacy to his lordship, the Angora. Com- 
piled by J. R. Springer, Holly, Oregon: 



1 


Sarvis berry, 


2 


Seven bark. 


3 


Oak. 


4 


Pine. 


5 


White hr. 


6 


Yew. 


7 


Wild crab. 


8 


Chittim. 



9 


Alder. 


10 


Buck brush. 


11 


Oregon grape (state flower) 


12 


Willow. 


13 


Wild currant. 


14 


Chinkapin. 


15 


Huckleberry. 


16 


Vine maple. 


17 


Douglas fir. 


18 


Hazel. 


19 


Squaw berry. 


20 


Hard hack. 


21 


Sal lal. 


22 


Dewberry. 


23 


Fern. 



61 



American Angora Goat Breeders' Association 



Resident office of the secretary, Helena, 
Montana. 

President — N. A. Gwin, Lawrence, Kansas. 

Vice-President — Wm. Riddell, Monmoutfi, 
Oregon. 

Secretary-Treasurer — John W. Fulton, Hel- 
ena, Montana. 

Executive Committee — N. A. Gwin, Law- 
rence, Kansas ; Frank Landrum, Laguna, 
Texas; D. C. Taylor, Lake Valley, New Mex- 
ico ; R. C. Johnston, Lawrence, Kansas ; John 
W. Fulton, Helena, Montana. 

Board of Directors — N. A. Gwin, Lawrence, 
Kan.; Wm. Riddell, Monmouth, Ore.; Perry 
C. Witt, Montell, Texas; R. C. Johnston, 
Lawrence, Kan. ; Aubrey Gist, Carlsbad, N. 
M.; J. Robertson, Del Rio, Texas; U. S. 
Grant, Dallas, Ore. ; J. F. Holder, Sheldon, 
Ariz. ; Dr. W. C. Bailey, San Jose, Cal. ; E. P. 
Cohill, Hancock, Md. ; J. D. Pepper, Rock 



Springs, Texas; M. L. Conklin, Newville, Cal.; 
John W. Fulton, Helena, Mont. 

The American Angora Goat Breeders' Asso- 
ciation was organized in 1 900, and maintains 
the only record of pure bred Angora goats in 
America. 

It is the national organization representing 
and championing this breed of live stock in the 
United States. It has 500 members, repre- 
senting nearly every state and territory. 

It is the purpose of the association to encour- 
age the raising of Angora goats in the United 
States and to bring about improvement in the 
breed. 

Through its literature, contributions to the 
press, patronage of Angora goat exhibits and 
otherwise, the association is promoting greater 
interest in Angora husbandry throughout the 
country and is materially assisting in the devel- 
opment of this promising American live stock 
industry. 



National Mohair Growers' Association 



President — U. S. Grant. 

First Vice-President — J. b. McCarty. 

Second Vice-President — ivirs. M. Armer. 

Third Vice-President — W. C. Bailey. 

Fourth Vice-President — O. F. Webster. 

Secretary-Treasurer — S. O. Baker. 

Executive Board — U. S. Grant, Wm. Rid- 
dell, W. C. Bailey, O. F. Webster, S. W. 
Holder. W. A. Heather, W. R. Lockwood, 
S. O. Baker, Mrs. M. Armer, J. E. McCarty, 
F. O. Landrum, Perry Witte, J. D. Pepper, 
J. W. Garrett, A. B. Collms, J. N. Ross, 
N. A. Gwin, Aubrey Gist. 

Finance Committee — W. A. Heather, Wm. 
Riddell, A. B. Collins. 

Selling Committee — U. S. Grant, W. R. 
Lockwood, F. O. Landrum. 

Selling Agents — Brown & Adams, Boston, 
Mass. Warehouse 274 Summer St., Boston, 
Mass. 



The National Mohair Growers' Association 
was organized for the benefit and protection 
of the Angora husbandry, and while not yet 
eighteen months old, it has met with such grand 
success that its future is no longer in question, 
for the breeders have awakened to their own 
interest at last, and are co-operating for their 
future protection. 

The big advance in mohair prices the past 
six months has demonstrated to the breeders 
what can be done by organization, and shows 
plainly that the low prices of the past were 
simply due to manipulation by the manufac- 
turers, and they have been reaping the benefit. 
Without any attempt to go into details, it is 
now shown that the manufacturer can pay bet- 
ter prices than in the past and still make a living 
profit from his product, while on the other hand, 
the poor goatman cannot live at the prices of the 
past few years. 



62 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



This Association is purely co-operative, and 
does not have in mind any attempt to corner 
the mohair market, but to handle our own pro- 
duct in a businesslike way that will command a 
fair and reasonable price for our labors. 

Under our system of grading, every clip is 
sold on its merits, and every breeder gets his 
just dues for his labor in breeding up his flocks 
so as to produce good mohair, and he is not 
obliged to take the same price as the breeder 
of low grade mohair as when sold in the pools. 

Pooling has been the death of the mohair 
market, as has been demonstrated by the grad- 
ing of mohair the past year in the national ware- 
house. There has been no incentive for a 
breeder to infuse new blood into his flocks. 

All this is now changed, and the demand for 



good bucks and breeding stock is the best to- 
day it has been for years. 

If you want the top price for your mohair, 
raise good mohair. 

No other raw material in this country shows 
such a wide variation in grades as mohair, and 
therefore grading is essential to produce best 
results. 

It is the duty of every breeder to join the 
association and assist in protecting his interest, 
and especially the tariff fight that will soon 
confront us. We must prepare for it, and need 
the assistance of every breeder. 

Remit $3.00 for membersnip and annual 
dues to S. O. Baker, Secretary, Silver City, 
N. M. 




63 



Members of the Northwe^ Angora Goat Assn. 



G. W. McBee, Dallas. Ore. 

E. L. Naylor, Forest Grove, Ore. 

E. A. Rhoten, field editor Pacific Home- 
stead, Salem, Ore. 

U. S. Grant, president National Mohair 
Association, Dallas, Ore. 

W. A. Ayres, Dallas, Ore. 

H. M. Williamson, ex-editor Oregon Agri- 
culturist, Portland, Ore. 

Guthrie Bros., "Oak Hill Farm," Dallas, 
Ore. 

C. D. Minton, editor Oregon Agriculturist, 
Portland, Ore. 

Alva L. McDonald, field representative, 
Oregon Agriculturist, Portland, Ore. 

C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Ore. 

Wm. Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 

Jas. Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 

John Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 

David Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 

Albert Teal, Dallas, Ore. 

J. G. Van Ordell, Dallas, Ore. 

H. G. Campbell, Dallas, Ore. 

Herman Metzger & Co., Front Street, Port- 
land, Ore. 

J. Hanks & Son, Ellensburg, Wash. 

Frank Welch, Salem, Ore. 

J. A. Herbert, Junction City, Ore. 

G. F. McBee, Dallas, Ore. 

W. P. McBee, Dallas, Ore. 

J. I. Chapman, Wilbur, Ore. 

A. M. Baxter, Eddyville, Ore. 

N. A. Gwin, president American Angora 
Goat Breeders' Association, Lawrence, Kan. 

I. Carnon Carson, Steilacoom, Wash. 

J. Veit, Eddyville, Ore. 

Jno. B. Stump, "Fair Acres Stock Farm," 
Monmouth, Ore. 

P. A. Miller, Pioneer, Ore. 

W. D. Cline, Dallas, Ore. 

Mrs. W. J. Farley, "Oak Knoll Farm," 
Dallas, Ore. 

Wm. Brown & Co., Salem, Ore. 

Jno. W. Fulton, secretary American An- 
gora Goat Breeders' Association, Helena, 
Mont. 



Brannin Bros., Melville, Mont. 

Calvin Phillips, California Bldg., Tacoma, 
Wash. 

L. Levussove, 152 3d St., New York City. 

L. L. Paget, Gaston, Ore. 

C. C. McBride, Eddyville, Ore. 

C. p. Bailey & Sons, "Angora Counsellors," 
San Jose, Cal. 

C. H. Marsh, Molalla, Ore. 

Wm. Eagan, Gervais, Ore. 

Niver Hengeman, Alsea, Ore. 

W. J. Warfield, Alsea, Ore. 

E. W. Rivers, Skidoo, Cal. 
A. M. Gray, Philomath, Ore. 

J. A. Munday, Vancouver, Wash. 

W. C. Harkness, Orofino, Idaho. 

J. J. Long, Oakland, Ore. 

Roche Harbor Lime Co., Roche Harbor, 
Wash. 

Geo. Houck, Labbe Bldg., Portland, Ore. 

J. R. Springer, Holly, Ore. 

Fred Curry, Juntura, Ore. 

Bernheim & Co., 247 Ash St., Portland, 
Ore. 

W. C. Kenyon, Aurora, Ore. 

Miss Melvina Kenyon, Aurora, Ore. 

A. L. McDonald, Chitwood, Ore. 

J. H. Porter, Silverton, Ore. 

Zack Davenport, Silverton, Ore. 

C. H. Wain, "Maple Springs Farm," 
Thomas, Ore. 

F. B. Wait, Sutherlin, Ore. 

C. R. Thompkins, Cottage Grove, Ore. 

H. D. Runkle, Asotin, Wash. 

P. H. Brown, Sublimity, Ore. 

J. W. Lee, Dallas, Ore. 

E. L. Bolen, Cresswell, Ore. 

E. N. Parvin, Dexter, Ore. 

G. G. Belts, "Edgewood Farm," Harris- 
burg, Ore. 

J. W. Creamer, V. S., 5th and Taylor Sts., 
Portland, Ore. 

W. O. Cockerm, Oakland, Ore. 

V. D. Hendt, "Goat Heaven Stock Farm," 
Spangle, Wash. 

Fred Tharp, Spangle, Wash. 



64 



THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 



C. B. Burrows, Junction City, Ore. 

J. W. Hockings. D. D. S., New Westmin- 
ster, B. C. 

C. E. Holtgrieve, Cully Lane, Portland, 
Ore. 

N. C. Maris, Editor Rural Spirit, Port- 
land, Ore. 

Thos. W. Brunk, "Spring Brook Farm," 
Salem, Ore. 

W. O. Cline, Eddyville, Ore. 

F. W. Beaver,, Cresswell, Ore. 

Abel White, Spanaway, Ore. 

J. C. Surritt, Delphi Star, Rt. Olympia 
Wash. 

Edgar Steven, Scappoose, Ore. 

Geo. Boothby, Monmouth, Ore. 

Will Purdy, "Riverside Farm," Ferry, 
Wash. 

Jno. Luchinett, Kellogg, Idaho. 

Phil S. Bates, publisher Pacific Northwest, 
Portland, Ore. 

Mrs. F. A. Pierce, Galesville, Ore. 

Frank Meredith, secretary State Fair Board, 
Salem, Ore. 

S. F. Zysett, Scio, Ore. 



Wm. Ritchie, Albany, Ore. 
Geo. Martin, Yeon Bldg., Portland, Ore. 
Porter H. Pleasants, Willow Ranch, Cal. 
Omar E. Trout, Monroe, Ore. 

F. A. Link & Son, Airlie, Ore. 
Oscar Tom, Alsea, Ore. 

C. D. Nairn, Ballston, Ore. 
A. R. Fanno, Beaverton, Ore. 
J. B. Smith, Dallas, Ore. 
Harry Starr, Dayton, Ore. 
L. M. Jacques, Drew, Ore. 
Thos. Carmichael, "Wapato Lake Farm," 
Gaston, Ore. 

J. A. Ridings, Marquam, Ore. 
H. C. Martin, The Dalles, Ore. 
Fred H. Coad, Toledo, Ore. 
E. E. Heater, Snohomish, Wash. 
Foster Grant, Kelso, Wash. 

G. H. Knight, Hailey, .uaho. 
Solon McCoy, Nampa, Idaho. 
H. O. Bergh, Somers, Mont. 

Geo. M. Cornwall, publisher The Timber- 
man, Portland, Ore. 

M. Bixby Jr., Kelso, Wash. 
C. H. Cannon, Turner, Ore. 



65 



Appreciation 



In the compiling and arranging of this book- 
let, considerable painstaking care has been nec- 
essary, in order to bring out all the important 
features of the industry and to arrange it so 
that the reader may with ease grasp all its ad- 
vantages without going too much into detail. 
To do this, care has been exercised to eliminate 
everything that would not bear the closest scru- 
tiny relative to facts connected with the busi- 
ness. For the invaluable advice and the many 
appropriate hints and suggestions, thanks are 
most cordially offered to Mr. John W. Fulton, 
secretary of the American Angora Goat P "feed- 
ers' Association, Helena, Montana, whose 
counsel and leadership in the industry has at 
all times been of incalculable benefit to the 
industry in a national sense. The same sense 
of obligation is felt to Wm. Riddells & Son, 
whose assistance in gathering data and infor- 
mation has made it possible to put forth many 
facts that have not been common knowledge 
heretofore. For the many cuts and photographs 
that adorn these pages, many thanks are justly 
due The Oregon Agriculturist, through its able 
editor, C. D. Minton, whose unfailing faith in 
the industry has caused him to spend much time 
in assisting the work along and in gathering 
the data herein found. 



In addition to the foregoing, whose help has 
not only been of an advisory capacity, but 
whose financial help has been most material, 
the compiler, the association and the industry 
at large is forever indebted to the following, 
whose aid and financial help has made this 
publication possible: 

U. S. Grant, president National Mohair As- 
sociation, Dallas, Ore. 

Guthrie Bros., Dallas, Ore. 

C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Ore. 

Mrs. W. J. Farley, Dallas, Ore. 

Albert Teal, Dallas, Ore. 

A. M. Gray, Philomath, Ore. 

C. H. Cannon, Turner, Ore. 

J. B. Stump, Monmouth, Ore. 

W. J. Warfield, Alsea, Ore. 

Multnomah Mohair Mills, Portland, Ore. 

S. O. Baker, secretary National Mohair 
Association, Silver City, N. M. 

Herman Metzger & Co., Portland, Ore. 

Bernheim & Co., Portland, Ore. 

Wm. Brown & Co., Salem, Ore. 

Wm. Ritchie, Albany, Ore. 

Geo. Martin, Portland, Ore. 

Geo. Houck, Portland, Ore. 



66 




A Dairy Scene in, Lincoln County 



( 



Index to Articles 



Page 

Grand Champion Angora Buck Outside Cover 

Prefatory 5 

Greetings — By President E. A. Rhoten 6 

Historical 7 

Object of the Association — By Alva L. McDonald. . 9 
A Practical Farmer's Experience — J. R. Springer. .. I 1 
Utilization of Logged-off Lands — Byron Hunter.... 1 3 

Mohair Industry — U. S. Grant 19 

Extracts from Address of D. O. Lively 21 

Clearing Lands Cheaply 22 

Mohair and Angoras — Wm. Riddells 24 

Mohair Manufacturing 25 

Registered Angoras 28 

Angora Pelts 30 

The Interest of the Angora Press — By C. D. Minton.3i 

Wm. Riddells & Sons 35 

U. S. Grant 38 

J. B. Stump 40 

Guthrie Bros 4 1 



A. M. Gray 39 

C. H. Cannon 44 

C. B. Guinn 42 

Herman Metzger, Sees Big Future 43 

"Oak Knoll Farm" 45 

Spring Brook Farm 46 

W. J. Warfield. of Alsea 47 

Toggenburg Milch Goats 48 

Wm. Brown & Co., Salem, Ore 49 

Angoras for Profit 50 

What a Buyer Thinks of the Mohair Trade 51 

Multnomah Mohair Mills 52 

Report First Annual Convention Northwest Angora 

Goat Association 54 

Northwest Angora Goat Association 58 

Where Cheap Lands Can Be Found 59 

Varieties of Brush Found in Northwest 61 

American Angora Goat Association 62 

National Mohair Growers' Association 62 

Membeis of the Association 64 



68 



Index to Illu^rations 



Page. 
Outside front page, Champion Angora Buck of Wm. 

Riddells & Sons. 
Officers of Northwest Angora Buck Association. ... 2 
Officers American Angora Goat Breeders' Association 4 

Angora Display, Washington State Fair 10 

Looking Across the Valley II 

While They Were at It 12 

Byron Hunter 13 

Showing the Effects of Pasturing Angoras on Logged- 

of f Lands 17 

Afterwards the Grass Starts 18 

U. S. Grant 19 

Long Mohair 20 

D. O. Lively 22 

Wm. Riddells 24 

Dick and Holmes 26 

Just Kids 51 

C. H. Wain, at Scio Fair 39 

C. D. Minion 32 

Pasha Columbia 33 

Jas. Riddells 35 



Champion Doe 35 

"We Know We Are Having Our Pictures Taken". .36 

Wm. Riddells & Sons 37 

"Sanford" 38 

J. B. Stump and Two of His Pets 40 

Guthrie Bros 41 

"Grandpa Hodson" 44 

C. B. Guinn 43 

Two-Year-Old Doe of Cline & Farley 45 

Mrs. W. J. Farley 45 

Thos. W. Brunk 46 

W. J. Warfield 47 

Toggenburg Goat 48 

A Warfield Type 48 

Geo. Houck 50 

Bernheim & "Company" 51 

Multnomah Mohair Mills 52 

Geo. Martin 59 

Wm. Ritchie 59 

Angoras at Work m Lincoln County 6 

A Dairy Scene in Lincoln County 67 



69 



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